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Inside the Earth Layers of the Earth • Crust • Mantle -Upper -Lower • Core -Outer -Inner The Crust • Outer layer we live on • 5-100 km thick • 2 types of crust – Oceanic (very dense, made of basalt) – Continental (less dense, made of granite) The Layers of the Earth The Mantle Mantle split into: 1. Lithosphere: -solid + rigid -upper mantle + crust 2. Asthenosphere: -”plastic” -rock is hot enough to flow (asphalt) -lower mantle The Core • Outer Core: -dense liquid -iron + nickel • Inner Core: -solid -iron • Distance to center ~3,947–3,968 mi Earth’s Layers • How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg? • Shell = crust • Egg white = mantle • Yolk = core How do scientists know? • Use seismic waves to tell them the makeup of the deepest parts of Earth. • Seismic Waves: vibrations that travel through Earth’s layers. -change velocities as they pass through different layers. Earth’s magnetic field •Earth has North and South magnetic poles. •Results from liquid iron in outer core. •Creates a magnetic field. Plate Tectonics and the Mantle