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Energy Resources
What is energy? (Definition)
• Energy is the ability to do work.
• It makes things change and move.
Potential Energy
• Stored energy that has the ability but
is not yet in use.
• The energy of position or of
molecules that have not reacted.
• Forms include:
– Chemical (in the bonds of atoms)
– Nuclear (energy in a nucleus of an atom
and is released when that atom is split)
– Gravitational (energy at the top of
something before it starts to fall)
Kinetic Energy
• Energy in motion.
• It is the movement of waves, atoms,
electrons, objects, and substances.
• Includes:
– Electrical
– Radiant (light from sun)
– Thermal (heat)
– Motion (movement of objects)
– Sound (energy that we hear)
What energy types are available to use
for Americans to use to power homes,
cars, and businesses?
Uranium
Wind
Biomass
Coal
Geothermal
Hydropower
Natural gas
Petroleum
Propane
Solar
Nuclear (Uranium)
• Most controversial energy resource
• One of the newest form of alternative
energy resources. Scientists didn’t begin
to harness it until mid 20th century.
• Provides 20% of electricity in the U.S.
today.
• Major concern is how to store the used
nuclear waste.
• It takes 10 years for nuclear waste to lose
90% of it’s radioactivity.
• Uranium must split its atom for the
energy to be released. Once it is
released, it gives off a large amount
of heat for many years.
• Uranium is nonrenewable and Earth
has a finite (limited) amount in its
crust.
• The heat is used to boil water and
produce steam. The steam turns a
turbine which produces electricity.
Propane
• Fossil Fuel used to heat some
homes, operate cooking grills.
• Nonrenewable
• Discovered in early 20th century
• ¾ of all propane used is by industry.
– Fueling for cutting torches.
– Heaters for construction workers
– Heat asphalt for highway construction
– Used to run fork-lift trucks in factories.
• Homes in Rural areas depend on
propane the most and consume
25.7% of all propane.
• 40% of farms in America rely on
propane to heat greenhouses and
chicken coops, power tractors and
dry crops.
Natural Gas
• Nonrenewable fossil fuel found in
rocky layers.
• U.S.’s second largest energy supplier
after petroleum.
• Top five natural gas producing states:
#1 Texas, #2 Wyoming, #3 Louisiana,
#4 Oklahoma, #5 Colorado.
• Industry consumes the most natural
gas at 32.9%. Electricity uses 30.5% of
natural gas, and homes use 20.5%.
Petroleum
• Is a nonrenewable fossil fuel.
• Often called crude oil.
• Must be drilled from deep below the
Earth’s surface.
• Transportation consume 71.3% of all
petroleum in the U.S.
• 1/3 of all oil comes from offshore oil
rigs.
• Petroleum is also used in plastics,
crayons, personal care items.
• 40% of oil is supplied by the U.S. and
comes from (in order of greatest supplier)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Texas (TX)
Alaska (AK)
California (CA)
North Dakota (ND)
Oklahoma (OK)
• The remainder 60% comes from
foreign countries:
– Canada, Latin America, Middle East
Major trade-off of petroleum: Carbon
dioxide pollution from burning in
our cars and trucks.
Biomass
• Any organic matter (something that
was once alive).
• Historically this is the resource that
has been around the longest. (Burning
and cook food)
• The energy originates from the Sun.
• Until mid 1800’s wood provided 90% of
all energy for Americans.
– (Now replaced by Coal, natural gas, petroleum )
U.S. Sources of Biomass
•Wood & Wood Waste
46.2%
•Biofuels
43.2%
•Garbage & Landfill
10.6%
U.S. Biomass
Consumption by Sector
•Industrial – 51.9%
•Transportation – 25.6%
•Residential – 9.8%
•Commercial – 2.5%
•Electricity – 10.2%
Geothermal
• Renewable resource
• Comes from the heat of the earth’s
core.
• Used to heat homes and water
sources.
• Geothermal does very little damage to
the environment.
It does not require transportation.
• Produce no pollution because it does
not burn fuel to generate electricity.
Hydropower
• Renewable energy from the power of
moving water.
• Depends on the gravitation potential
energy of the dam to “turn a
turbine”.
• Used originally as a water wheel.
• First hydropower power plant was
built in 1882 in Appleton. Wisconsin.
• There are 84,000 dams in U.S. but
only 2,220 have equipment to
generate electricity.
• Top 5 Hydropower producing states:
1. Washington
2. California
3. Oregon
4. New York
5. Montana
• Hydropower generates between 5-10% of
the U.S. power (depending on rainfall for the
year.
• Globally hydropower provides 17% of the
world’s electricity.
• It is cheap energy to generate and creates
no pollution.
• To build a dam is the expensive part of the
process.
Solar
• Solar is renewable and comes directly
from the sun.
• Produces zero pollution when collected.
• Cost’s $.10-.20 to produce electricity.
• Once a panel is installed, the cost of
electricity from the sun is FREE.
• The lifetime of solar panels (photovoltaic
panels) on average ranges between 20-25
years.
• Disadvantage - Solar energy is directly
dependent on weather conditions
Top five country using solar power
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Germany
Spain
Japan
United States
Italy
• Price of solar panel per square foot
– $1.94 in 2009
– $2.90 in 1990
Square feet need to power home on solar
energy ONLY – 600 sq ft
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1. California: 47 percent with 971 megawatts
2. New Jersey: 14 percent with 293 MW
3. Colorado: 5 percent with 108 MW
4. Arizona: 5 percent with 101 MW
5. Nevada: 5 percent with 97 MW
6. Florida: 4 percent with 73 MW
7. New York: 3 percent with 54 MW
8. Pennsylvania: 3 percent with 54 MW
9. New Mexico: 2 percent with 45 MW
10. North Carolina: 2 percent with 42 MW
Wind
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Air in motion (kinetic energy)
Renewable energy
Abundant in supply in the U.S.
Windmills (in various sizes) can be put
anywhere.
• Wind is inconsistent because not every
location has constant wind.
• Cost is $.02-.06 per kilowatt hour
• Wind farms generate 20-30 times more
energy than they consume. They are
extremely energy efficient.
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Top wind producing states
1. Texas,
2. Iowa,
3. California,
4. Minnesota,
5. Washington,