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What’s the MATTER , part I Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space Matter is made up of building blocks: atom – smallest unit of an element. element – a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. compound – made of two or more atoms that are chemically combined. FYI (good bonus questions!!!) 90% of the Earth’s crust is made up of only 5 elements: Oxygen 49.2% Silicon 25.7 % Aluminum 7.5% Iron 4.7% Calcium 3.4% States of Matter Solid Definite volume and shape Particles are tightly packed Slight expansion when heated Incompressible Liquid Has definite volume, but no definite shape (assumes the shape of the container) Particles are loosely packed (can flow) Easily expand when heated Considered incompressible Gas No definite shape or volume Expand to fill the container Particles are spaced far apart Compressible Plasma Consists of electrically charged particles It’s an ionized gas Common in space, but very rare on Earth Found in lightning, fluorescent lights and neon signs Energy Amounts in States of Matter Solid- little energy, particles vibrate and rotate Liquid- more energy, they move freely Gas- even more energy, move quickly Plasma- most energy, move extremely fast States of Matter a.k.a. Phases of Matter Gas Energy Solid Liquid Names of Phase Changes Solid to Liquid Liquid to Gas Gas to Liquid Liquid to Solid Solid to Gas Gas to Solid = = = = = = Melting Boiling/evaporation Condensation Freezing Sublimation Deposition Properties of Matter 2 Types: Extensive – depend on the amount of the sample Examples = volume mass length weight Properties of Matter (cont.) Intensive – does not depend on the amount of the sample Examples = density melting point boiling point malleability ductility color odor