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Plate Tectonics Myers Social Studies Layers of the Earth • Draw a circle in your notebook •Now draw a SLIGHTLY smaller circle inside this one •Draw a small circle in the middle •And one more smaller circle in the middle Label your drawing Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Look at this Label your drawing Made of Rock Magma Liquid Solid The Earth’s Surface Plate Tectonics • Watch this video to introduce the concept of Plate Tectonics Theories of Continental Drift • 1912 – Alfred Wegener used fossil evidence to explain continental drift • His theory was not accepted until years later Eventually sonar Technology that was developed to locate German Uboats was used during the 1960s to map the ocean floor •Finally scientists had a more accurate picture of the earth’s surface •The mapping also revealed several faults below the ocean’s surface •Confirming the existence of the earth’s plates What are Plate Tectonics Theories? • The outer shell of the earth has several plates • The plates move on a layer of liquid rock located miles below the surface • The plates move slowly across the earth • 200 million years ago – one giant continent existed called Pangea Pangea How Many Plates are There? • There are around 30 plates – 12 of them are considered major tectonic plates What are the Plates Made of? • • • • Partly crust Partly mantle Averages 60 miles thick Could be anywhere from 5 – 120 miles thick What are Faults? • Faults are cracks that exist on the edges of plates. • The plates movement against each other can cause serious, sometimes visible cracks in the Earth’s crust How Fast do Plates Move? • The move somewhere between 1 inch and 8 inches in a year 8 inches One Inch How do These Huge Plates Move? • The plates move on a flowing layer of rock in the mantle called the Asthenosphere • The Asthenosphere reaches temperatures of 3600 degrees Where are the Plates Going? • In several directions • The Atlantic Ocean is growing • The Pacific Ocean is shrinking Where are the Plates Going? Where are the Plates Going? Where are the Plates Going? Plate Interaction • Divergent Plate Boundaries – Plates spread out or separate • Causes volcanic activity • Creates New land! Plate Interaction • Divergent Plate Boundaries – Plates spread out or separate • Causes volcanic activity • Creates New land! Plate Interaction • Divergent Plate Boundaries – Plates spread out or separate • Causes volcanic activity • Creates New land! Divergent Video Plate Interaction • Convergent plate boundaries – Also called subduction • Causes earthquakes, and volcanic activity • Creates mountains – Andes, and the Himalayans Plate Interaction • Convergent plate boundaries – Also called subduction • Causes earthquakes, and volcanic activity • Creates mountains – Andes, and the Himalayans Plate Interaction • Convergent plate boundaries – Also called subduction • Causes earthquakes, and volcanic activity • Creates mountains – Andes, and the Himalayans Convergent Making Mountains? Plate Interaction • Transform Faults • Creates Major Earthquake Plate Interaction • Transform Faults • Creates Major Earthquake Plate Interaction • Transform Faults • Creates Major Earthquake Plate Interaction • Transform Faults • Creates Major Earthquake Plate Interaction • Transform Faults • Creates Major Earthquake Transform Two Faults Illustrated Two Faults Illustrated Two Faults Illustrated
