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Thermal Energy A body contains internal KE due to the motion of its atoms ( they are constantly wiggling and jiggling) Thermal Energy is the total internal KE of a body Temperature is the average KE of a body Heat- Transfer of Thermal Energy Three forms of heating: 1. Conduction-direct contact, a pot heating on a stove (solids) 2. Convection- heating by circulating fluids, (gas and liquid) heating from a fireplace And. . . 3. Radiation – Transfer of Electromagnetic (E.M.) Energy Objects are heated when exposed to infrared radiation The suns heats the earth by sending infrared radiation along with other forms of E.M. energy 3.0 x 108 meters through empty space Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat convection doesn’t occur in solids because solids are unable to — 25% 1. absorb heat by vibrating. 2. transfer heat by fluid motion. 3. emit radiation by reflecting light. 4. exchange heat by direct contact. 25% 25% 25% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 The primary way liquids and gases transmit heat is by the process of — 25% 1. reflection. 2. conduction. 3. radiation. 25% 4. convection. 25% 25% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Nuclear Reactions Fusion occurs when two atoms combine to form a new element. The sun produces all of its energy through fusion. Two hydrogen atoms combine to form a Helium atom from the great gravitational forces and pressure in the sun’s core Nuclear Reactions Fission Fission is the splitting of nucleii of large atoms such as Uranium and Plutonium Produces large amounts of infrared radiation and other forms of E.M. Energy such as Gamma Rays Currently, it is the main form of Atomic Energy on Earth Heat Transfer Introduction In order to understand what causes Earth’s p_____ lates to move, you must first understand c________ onvection currents. To understand convection currents, you must first understand how heat t________ ransfers from one object to another. Fill in the blanks on your worksheet as you progress through this PowerPoint presentation in order to understand heat transfer. Save and use these notes to study for a test on this unit. Slide 1 Mrs. Sontag [email protected] Heat Transfer 1. Heat transfer is: the ______________ movement of energy from a w_________ object to a c__________ object. In the ooler armer pictures below, which item is warmer, the one on the left or the one on the right? ____________________. Heat The one on the right will transfer from the _______ to the _________. pot hand Slide 2 Heat Transfer 2. In the pictures below, what makes the ice melt? ransferring Heat t______________ from the h_______ to the ice and causes the i____ ce to melt. Slide 3 Cold is: 3. The a______________ bsence of h____________. eat Slide 4 Radiation is: 4. The t___________ ransfer of e________ nergy through empty space, with no d_________ contact between the s__________ and irect ource the object. Slide 5 Someone come up and draw another example of radiation on the board. Conduction is: 5. heat transfer by d____________ irect contact of particles of m_____________. This is called c________________. atter onduction In this picture, where is conduction taking place? (Draw arrows) Click to see the arrows here. to here From here to here From here Slide 6 Conduction: 6. A pot of hot soup t__________ ransfers heat from the soup and pot to p___________ that make up the s_________. The heat is articles poon c________ onducted from the hot pot and soup to the s_______. poon 7. When the particles h______ eat up, they v___________, ibrate bumping into the n_____ particles, heating them up and ext v_________ them. ibrating Slide 7 Particles: 8. A particle is a part of an a__________, tom such as an e________, lectron proton or n___________. What do particles do when they heat eutron up? 9. They v_________and ibrate b________ into the particles next to ump ransferring them, t______________ their energy. Slide 8 Convection: 10. Convection is: Heat t___________ ransfer involving the movement of onvection f__________ - liquids and/or g__________. C__________ luids asses occurs when particles of fluid begin to f_________, transferring low heat e_________ from one part of fluid to a___________. nergy nother Which part of the soup will heat up first? Second? Why? Slide 9 Density: 11. Density is the m__________ easure of how much m________ ass there is olume is a measurement olume in a v___________ of substance. V_______ of occupied s___________. pace 12. The Forr_________ ock example, ifisyou more haddense a rockbecause that took it has up the more same m_________ amount of space than the (volume) water. as two cups of water, which ass would be more dense, and why? (Click here for the answer.) 13. The earth’s crust is mostly made up of g________, ranite which ess is l________ dense than the oceanic crust, which is mostly made up of b____________. asalt Slide 10 Dense liquid: 14. C_________ ool liquid is m________ ore dense than hot liquid. Why? Cold particles settle together more closely _________. Warm particles s___________ out more. pread More dense Slide 11 Less dense Dense liquid: 16. When the more dense liquid goes to the bottom, it gets eated h________ up by the burner. When it gets warmed up, why does it then rise up to the top? Warmer liquid rises to the top. (Click here for the answer.) Because when the dense liquid heats up, the particles s________ apart, making the liquid less d________. pread ense Because it is lighter, it rises to the t_______. op Slide 13 Dense liquid: 15. Why would a cooler, more dense liquid, move d________ own to the bottom of a heated pot instead of staying on top? Cooler liquid on the bottom (Click here for the answer.) Because the more dense liquid is h___________. eavier G___________pulls it down to the bottom of the ravity pan. Slide 12 Convection Current 17. Convection is heat t_________ ransfer involving the movement of f_______. A convection c_____________ is the f________ that urrent low luids transfers heat within a f_________. luid The flow of boiling water caused by dense water sinking and lighter, warmer water rising, is an example of: a convection current Slide 14 18. Where do convection currents take place within the earth’s interior? Convection currents take place in the a_________________ sthenosphere. Why? The asthenosphere is a soft layer of material (kind of like gooey tar) that low can f_______ slowly. Slide 15 http://observe.ivv.nasa.gov/nasa/earth/tectonics/graphics/usgs_asth enosphere.gif 19. The core and m_________ antle heat up the s________rock, oft (asthenos___________) causing it to s_______ out and r______ phere ise pread up. It cools as it rises, causing it to b_________ together. Then unch eats g_________ pulls it down again, where it h________ up once ravity antle ore more as it gets closer to the m_________ and c________. This causes c____________ onvection c____________ urrents in the asthenosphere. Slide 16 Heat Transfer Quiz 1. ___ The movement of energy from a warm object to a cold object. 2. ___Heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter. A. ___ more B. ___ less C. ___ volume 3. ___ Heat transfer from one part of fluid to another part of fluid. D. ___ conduction 4. ___ The measure of occupied space. E. ___density 5. ___ The measure of how much mass these is in a volume of subtance. F. ___ asthenosphere G. ___ mantle 6. ___ Warm particles spread out more or less? H. ___ convection 7. ___ Warm liquid is more or less dense than cold liquid? I. ___ heat transfer 8. ___ Because of______, a more dense liquid would move down to the bottom of a heated pot. J. ___ gravity k. ___ rise 9. ___ Where in the interior of the earth do convection l. ___ sink currents take place? 10. ___ /_____As the core and mantle heat up the asthenosphere, the particles in the asthenosphere become more or less dense, causing the asthenosphere to rise or sink? Slide 17 Heat Transfer Quiz Answers Slide 18 1. I 6. A 2. D 7. B 3. H 8. J 4. C 9. F 5. E 10. B/K