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Chapter 8 Mechanical Weathering is caused by physically breaking rocks into smaller pieces 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Freezing & Thawing Animal Actions Plant Growth Release of Pressure Abrasion Chemical Weathering is the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes 1. Water 2. Oxygen 3. Carbon Dioxide 4. Living Organisms 5. Acid Rain Break down rock into smaller pieces Wear away rock Make rock smaller 1. Climate 2. Type of Rock Ice Wedging: process where wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks Decomposers Decomposer: organisms that break down the remains of organic material Ex: earthworms, bacteria, fungus, small animals Loam: Soil that is made of equal parts of sand and clay Permeable means it has tiny connected air spaces here water can pass through it. Bedrock: solid layer of rock beneath soil Soil Horizons Clay is smaller particles. Clay holds more water than sand Clay holds too much water and the plants drown Sand drains water too quickly and the plants dehydrate. Soil Conservation Contour plowing Conservation plowing Crop rotation Soil is one of Earth’s most valuable natural resources because everything that lives on land, including humans, depends directly or indirectly on soil. Plants depend directly on the soil to live and grow. Humans and animals depend on plants—or on other animals that depend on plants—for food.