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Chapter 2 Classifying Livings Things Why Classify? 1. It provides an easier means of dealing with living things by dividing them into groups of similar organisms. 2. It makes information about specific organisms easier to organize and find Classification The classification system in use today places organisms in groups based on… Physical Characteristics The Modern Classification System The Five Kingdoms The Five Kingdoms Kingdom Monera Bacteria Kingdom Protista Algae & Protozoans Kingdom Fungi Mushrooms and molds Kingdom Plantae Green plants Kingdom Animalia Worms, Jellyfish, Dogs The Kingdom Monera 1. Most are too small to see except with a microscope. 2. Unicellular or ↓ By themselves colonial ↓ In a Group 3. Lack some cellular parts The Kingdom Monera Examples: Bacteria and Blue Green Algae Blue green Algae E. coli bacteria Spirilla bacteria The Kingdom Protista 1. Unicellular or colonial 2. None produce tissues. • Two Main Groups: 1. Algae – Contain chlorophyll and therefore, produce own food 2. Protozoans- Obtain food from other sources. Example: Amebas The Kingdom Protista The Kingdom Fungi 1. Unicellular or Colonial 2. Lack chlorophyll (even though they look plantlike.) 3. Obtain food by secreting enzymes. 4. The feed on dead and living things. Examples: Mushrooms and Molds The Kingdom Fungi The Kingdom Plantae 1. Have tissues. 2. Use the green pigment chlorophyll to manufacture food. 3. Have a cell wall. Examples: Trees, moss, flowers The Kingdom Plantae The Kingdom Animalia 1. 2. 3. 4. Have tissues Do not contain chlorophyll Do not their own food make Have cells, but not the stiff cell walls of plants. Problems with Classifying 1. People make mistakes. 2. Similarities between organisms in a group are not always clearly defined. For example: Horses and Zebras are in the same Genus, but are grouped as separate only based on different colored skins! Significance of Classifying and Naming 1. Classifying is something man does for his convenience. 2. Classification does not mean organisms are “related”… it does not prove or show common ancestry! Scientific Names Each organism is given one scientific name. Example: Canis familiaris Scientific name for dog. Scientific Name First part Canis is the Genus Second part familiaris is the species name Genus is always capitalized!! Species and Biblical Kind • Biblical Kind and Species are not the same thing.