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CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS Scientists assign organisms a two-word name. (Binomial nomenclature) ►The history of this started with Aristotle over 2,000 years ago. He grouped plants & animals together by similar structures. The science of naming and classifying organisms is called: ►TAXONOMY In the 1750’s Swedish biologist, Carolus Linnaeus invented binomial nomenclature. Scientific names must be UNIVERSAL…. ►so Latin is used… it is a “dead” language, so it does not “evolve”. ►Red oak ►Genus ►Quercus ►Scientific name ►Quercus rubra The system is a seven level grouping: 1. Kingdom, contains phyla ► 2. Phylum, contains classes ► 3. Class, contains orders ► 4. Order, contains families ► 5. Family, contains genera ► 6. Genus, contains species ► 7. Species, a group of organisms that can breed ► Memorize this list!!!!! ►Kings play chess on fat guys stomachs. ►Kentucky Plants Can Originate From Good Soil (-Marcus Thompson, 2007) Honey Bees are classified this way: = Animalia ►Phylum = Arthropoda ►Class = Insecta ►Order = Hymenoptera ►Family = Apidae ►Genus = Apis ►Species = Apis mellifera ►Kingdom TAXONOMY REVEALS EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY ►Convergent evolution means that organisms that live in similar environments evolve similar features. ►These similar features are called analogous characters. The evolutionary history of a species is called it phylogeny. Scientists use Cladistics to build phylogenies. ►Cladistics is a system of taxonomy that recognizes phylogenies by inferring relationships. ► Cladogram 2 SYSTEMS FOR CLASSIFYING LIFE! ► ► ► ► ► ► ► I. = 6-KINGDOM SYSTEM Animalia Plantae Protista Fungi Eubacteria Archaebacteria and.... ►II. = 3-DOMAIN system ►Domain Archaea ►Domain Bacteria ►Domain Eukarya