Download Bacteria

Monday April 14, 2014
O Agenda
O Turn in your Viruses homework from Friday (to desk)
O Discussion: Bacteria/Prokaryotes
O Copy notes from board.
O Warm Up
1.
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6.
Pictured to the right is a _____________.
There are 3 main components to a __________.
They are:________, ________, & _________.
They appear in 4 main styles, or structures. They are:
Are they living?
What life cycle is present in these organisms that
lead to outbreaks of infection?
O Homework:
O Complete the prokaryotes worksheet.
Helical
Polyhedral
Enveloped
Others
Learning Objectives
What are the basic characteristics of bacteria?
What are the 2 kingdoms of prokaryotes &
what differentiates the 2.
3 basic shapes.
Identify the basic structure of a prokaryote as
well as the additional structures that can be
found in certain species.
Understand several impacts of bacterial
processes.
Relate to several species of prokaryote..
Bacteria
Prokaryotes = before nucleus.
First organisms on Earth
Evolving on Earth for last 3.5 – 4 billion years
Lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Exist in variety of environments
How are bacteria classified?
Previously only based on
structure & physiology
Currently genetics (rRNA
sequences) used to distinguish
two different kingdoms
Two Kingdoms For Bacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria – found in
extreme environments
Kingdom Eubacteria (Monera) – bacteria
you come in contact with every day
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Found in extreme
environments
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Methanogens
Anaerobic (Can’t live in O2)
Convert H2 and CO2 into Methane
Swamps, sewage, guts of cows, termites
Extreme Halophiles-salt loving
salt beds
Thermoacidophiles-live in
hot, acidic environments
Hydrothermal vents, hot springs
Kingdom Eubacteria
Three Shapes
Bacilli
Cocci
Spirilla
Structure of Bacteria
All Have:
Cell Membrane
DNA
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Can also have:
Capsule
Cell Wall
Capsules
Pili
Flagella
Reproduction &
Genetic Recombination
Reproduces by binary fission
How can Genetics be Altered?
Transformation - DNA from external environment
Conjugation
- Transfer of genetic info between 2
bacteria cells via the plasmid
Transduction - virus carries DNA from one host
bacterium to its next host
Bacterial Impacts: Beneficial
“Gut Flora” E. coli- lives in human intestinal tract
Aids in break down of food
Aids in the formation of vitamin B & K.
Up to 1000 different types of bacteria can live in your
intestinal tract
Food production- Yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream
Streptococcus sanfranciscus
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Environmental Cleanup-oil spills
Antibiotic production-Streptomycin
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are drugs that combat bacteria by
interfering with functions
Penicillin-interferes w/ cell wall synthesis
Tetracylcine-interferes with protein synthesis
Erythromyocine-prevents protein synthesis @ribosome
Antibiotic Resistance-increase with increased use
of antibiotics
Steadily increasing since 1940’s
Developed from some bacteria and molds, also
chemically synthesized
Bacterial Impacts: Detrimental
Produce exotoxins – secreted proteins causes dehydration
Ex. Most bacterial infections
Ex. Anthrax
Some release endotoxins when they die as
cell wall breaks down
Example typhoid fever and food poisoning
Bacteria and Disease
Pathology is the study of disease
Staphylococcus infection
Necrotizing fasciitis
Bacterial Species
Phylum Cyanobacteria
Oldest bacteria
Photosynthetic
Phylum Spirochetes
Spiral shaped
Aerobic bacteria = needs O2
Ex. Syphilis, Lyme Disease
Phylum Gram-Positive Bacteria
Source of some antibiotics
Pathogenic- Ex. Strep throat
Phylum Proteobacteria
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Largest & Most
diverse group
Some bacteria can
convert chemicals in
minerals into energy
Some live in human
intestinal tract
Classwork/Homework
Complete the worksheet.
Use CH20 as a resource.
Due tomorrow: 25pts HW