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Energy FLOWS; Matter CYCLES You have learned that energy flows in one direction through an ecosystem and much of the energy becomes unavailable at each trophic level. This is not true of essential nutrients (matter). What would happen if matter was bound in living matter and never recycled? Nutrients would eventually be depleted and life would cease. What does it mean to say that matter is recycled? Matter moves from one living thing to another, or to the abiotic parts of the biosphere and back into the biotic parts. Number the steps of the water cycle in the order they occur, starting with the collection of water in lakes or oceans. ______ 1. Water is absorbed by plants growing in the soil and used for photosynthesis. ______ 2. Water returns to Earth as rain or snow through the process of precipitation. ______ 3. Through evaporation, water changes from a liquid to a gas that becomes part of the air. ______ 4. Through condensation, water in the air changes from a gas to tiny droplets of liquid. Water Cycle Transport over land Solar energy Net movement of water vapor by wind Precipitation Evaporation over ocean from ocean Precipitation over land Evapotranspiration from land Percolation through soil Runoff and groundwater Carbon naturally moves to and from various parts of the Earth. This is called the carbon cycle. Today, however, scientists have found that more carbon is moving into the atmosphere from other parts of the Earth. It moves into the atmosphere when fossil fuels, like coal and oil, are burned. It moves into the atmosphere as humans get rid of forests by burning the trees. The carbon in the atmosphere is in molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere. By increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, Earth is becoming warmer. Brainstorm a few ways that CO2 in the atmosphere can be limited. http://www.carbonfootprint.com/Minimise_cfp.html Carbon Cycle CO2 in atmosphere Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Burning of fossil fuels Phytoand wood plankton Higher-level consumers Primary consumers Carbon compounds in water Detritus Decomposition Soybean (legume) root nodule contains nitrogen fixing bacteria Nitrogen Cycle N2 in atmosphere Assimilation NO3– Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Decomposers Ammonification NH3 Nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria Nitrification NH4+ NO2– Nitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria Nitrifying bacteria Excess phosphates can cause eutrophication • http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/19/science/earth/19clean.html?_r=2&scp=1&s q=navarro%20and%20dish&st=cse Phosphorus Cycle Precipitation Geologic uplift Weathering of rocks Runoff Consumption Decomposition Plant uptake of PO43– Plankton Dissolved PO43– Uptake Sedimentation Soil Leaching