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The Eye
Exploring Medical Language
Chapter 12
Anatomy
• Located in the orbit
– Bony protective cavity
• Iris – colored & muscular
• Pupil – opening in the iris
– Dilates and constricts
• Lens
– Focuses and bends light
– Located behind pupil
Anatomy
• Aqueous humor – watery
fluid in anterior cavity of the
eye
• Vitreous humor – jellylike
substance that gives shape
to the eye
• Lacrimal ducts – drains tears
• Optic nerve – carries visual
impulses to the brain
Word Parts
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ocul/o………………..eye
ophthalm/o…………eye
cry/o…………………cold
dipl/o…………………two, double
ton/o…………………tension, pressure
bi-, bin-……………...two
-plegia……………….paralysis
Disease & Disorder Terms
• Blepharoptosis
– drooping of the eyelid
– ptosis (common name)
• Conjunctivitis
– pinkeye
– caused by bacteria or
virus
– spread by contact with
secretions
Disease & Disorder Terms
• Diplopia
– double vision
• Photophobia
– abnormal fear of or
sensitivity to light
Disease & Disorder Terms
• Cataract
– clouding of the lens
– like vasoline on
glasses
• Detached retina
– emergency situation
– separation of retina in
back of eye
Disease & Disorder Terms
• Glaucoma
– abnormal increase of
intraocular pressure
– damages optic nerve
– can lead to blindness
• Hyperopia
– farsightedness
– have trouble seeing up
close
Disease & Disorder Terms
• Myopia
– nearsightedness
• Nyctalopia
– poor vision at night
Disease & Disorder Terms
• Nystagmus
– Involuntary, jerking
eye movements
• Presbyopia
– Impaired vision as a
result of aging
Disease & Disorder Terms
• Strabismus
– Abnormal squinting
or crossed eyes
• Sty
– Infection of an oil
gland of the eyelid
Surgical Terms
• Enucleation
– Surgical removal of
the eyeball
Diagnostic Terms
• Opthalmoscope
– Instrument used for
visual examination
• Tonometry
– Measurement of
pressure within the
eye
Complementary Terms
• Intraocular
– Pertaining to within
the eye
Intraocular lens
Complementary Terms
Lacrimal
Pertaining to tears or
tear ducts
Complementary Terms
• Opththalmologist
– Doctor who studies
and treats diseases
of the eye
• Optic
– Pertaining to vision
Complementary Terms
• Optician
– Specialist who fills
prescriptions for
lenses
– Cannot prescribe
• Optometrist
– Professional who
prescribes
corrective lenses
Complementary Terms
• Visual acuity
– Sharpness of vision
Common test
Abbreviations
• OD
– Right eye
• OS
– Left eye
• OU
– Each eye; both eyes