Download monera - Doktorscience

Kingdom: Monera
General characteristics
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Prokaryotic (no nucleus or membrane bound
organelles)
Most are unicellular (some live in colonies)
Nobody seems to be able to agree on how
they should be grouped!! (eek)
Phylum: Schizophyta
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Largest group, contains common bacteria
and Eubacteria
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Most are heterotrophs (take in food)
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Some are autotrophs (make their own
food)
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Basic shapes:
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Bacilli: rod shaped
Spirilli: spiral or double helix
Cocci: circular
Long chains called streptococci
Phylum: Cyanophyta
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The “Blue- green” algae
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Actually contains many pigments. Colours
can range from blue to red to black
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Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
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Are found in hotsprings, polluted water,
swimming pools (make rocks and pool
walls very slick)
Phylum: Prochlorophyta
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Photosynthetic microbes which live in
marine organisms
Phylum: Archaebacteria
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Methanogens: bogs, swamps, sewage
plants
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Halophiles: high salt areas (the dead sea)
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Thermophiles: likes acidic/hot (hot springs)
Nutrition: how monera “eat”
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Heterotrophs: get food from others
– Parasites get their food from living
organisms without killing the host
– Saprophytes get their food from the
dead (bacteria which break down
corpses or old trees)
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Autotrophs: make their own food
– Photosynthesis: change light energy
into chemical energy
CO2 + H2O + sunlight --> glucose + O2
– Chemosynthesis: energy from
chemicals
CO2 + H2S --> (CH2O)n + H2O + S
Obtaining energy/respiration
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Respiration
– Humans and animals have to breathe
to obtain O2 for respiration
– The purpose of respiration is to
release energy from food so we can
function
– Organisms which require oxygen for
respiration are called aerobes
Glucose + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + energy
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Fermentation
– Not all monerans require oxygen to
release energy from food
– These organisms go through
fermentation
– Less energy from fermentation than
respiration
glucose --> C2H5OH + CO2 + energy
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Obligate anaerobes: need an environment
without O2 to live
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Facultative anaerobes: can survive with or
without O2. (ex: E.coli in digestive tract)
Reproduction
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Asexual: binary fission
– DNA doubles
– Cell splits in two (clones)
– Important for increasing numbers
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Sexual: conjugation
– Cell to cell contact with a “cytoplasm
bridge”
– Small rings or genetic material
(plasmids) are transferred from donor
to recipient
– Allows for variation in bacteria
Effects of Bacteria
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Harmful
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– Disease (bubonic plague, strep throat)
– Food spoilage
Helpful
– Digestion
– Making yogurt and cheese
– Toxic/poison eating microbes (oil
spills)
– Recycling plants/animals in the
environment