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Transcript
Chapter 5 Bacterial infections Viruses Hepatitis HIV / AIDS Bacterial Infections • Infections occur when body tissues are invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria • Presence of pus is a sign of infection • Pus – – – – Fluid product of inflammation Contains white blood cells Debris of dead cells Tissue elements and bacteria Bacterial Infections • Signs of infection – – – – – Pus Redness Swelling Pain Fever Bacterial Infections • Local infection – Confined to a single area • Pimple • Boil • Infected cut – Contains pus, which contains bacteria, waste matter, decayed tissue, body cells and living and dead blood cells • Staphylococci – Most common pus-forming bacteria Bacterial Infections • General infection – Pathogenic bacteria and their toxins are carried to all parts of the body • By way of the bloodstream – Blood poisoning – Syphilis Bacterial Infections • Contagious or communicable – Spread from one person to another • Direct or indirect contact such as – – – – – – – Coughing Sneezing Unclean hands Unclean implements Open sores Common drinking cups Common towels Bacterial Infections • Common contagious diseases preventing cosmetologist from working – – – – – – Tuberculosis Colds Ringworm Scabies Head lice Virus infections Viruses • Submicroscopic structures capable of infecting almost all plants, animals and bacteria – – – – Can pass through the pores of a porcelain filter Cause common colds Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections They include measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, polio, influenza, HIV (AIDS) Viruses • Live by penetrating cells • Resistant to antibiotics • Vaccination will prevent – Not available for all viruses Hepatitis • Disease marked by inflammation of the liver & caused by a blood borne virus similar to HIV/AIDS in transmission • Present in all body fluids • Hepatitis A – Illness lasts about 3 weeks – Symptoms similar to flu – May cause yellowing of skin and eye in adults Hepatitis • Spread through close contact – – – – Poor sanitation Personal hygiene Infected food handlers Sexual contact • Contaminated food – Milk – Water – Shellfish • Vaccine is available Hepatitis • Hepatitis B ( HBV ) – Can cause long-term hepatitis, cirrhosis, and/or liver cancer – There may be no symptoms or flu-like symptoms – Primarily transmitted through sexual contact or parenteral ( occurring outside the intestine ) exposure • Piercing mucous membranes or skin barrier • Blood to blood products – Vaccine is available Hepatitis • Hepatitis C ( HCV ) – Progresses slowly – About 1/3 of those with the illness show no symptoms – When symptoms exist they include • Fatigue • Stomach pain • Headaches Hepatitis • Hepatitis C – Transferable through parenteral contact – Sexual activity w/infected partners – Passed through blood and body fluids • • • • Unprotected sexual contact Sharing of IV needles w/infected drug users Accidents w/needles in health care facilities Through cut and sores • NO vaccine is available HIV / AIDS • HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Causes AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • AIDS breaks down the body’s immune system – Passed through blood and body fluids • • • • Unprotected sexual contact Sharing of IV needles w/infected drug users Accidents w/needles in health care facilities Through cut and sores HIV / AIDS • Methods for NOT transmitting the disease – – – – Hand holding Hugging Kissing Sharing food or household items • Like telephones or toilet seats • No documented cases of the virus being transmitted by food handlers, insects or casual contact – Can be infected for 11 years without symptoms • A person may be infected and transmitting the disease without even knowing they have the disease Summary • Infections occur when body tissues are invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria • Three kinds of infections; local, general and contagious or communicable • Hepatitis A & B have a vaccine available • Hepatitis C does not have a vaccine available • HIV/AIDS breaks down the body’s immune system