Download Chp.5 Infections

Chapter 5
Bacterial infections
Viruses
Hepatitis
HIV / AIDS
Bacterial Infections
• Infections occur when body tissues are invaded by
disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria
• Presence of pus is a sign of infection
• Pus
–
–
–
–
Fluid product of inflammation
Contains white blood cells
Debris of dead cells
Tissue elements and bacteria
Bacterial Infections
• Signs of infection
–
–
–
–
–
Pus
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Fever
Bacterial Infections
• Local infection
– Confined to a single area
• Pimple
• Boil
• Infected cut
– Contains pus, which contains bacteria, waste matter,
decayed tissue, body cells and living and dead blood cells
• Staphylococci
– Most common pus-forming bacteria
Bacterial Infections
• General infection
– Pathogenic bacteria and their toxins are carried
to all parts of the body
• By way of the bloodstream
– Blood poisoning
– Syphilis
Bacterial Infections
• Contagious or communicable
– Spread from one person to another
• Direct or indirect contact such as
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Coughing
Sneezing
Unclean hands
Unclean implements
Open sores
Common drinking cups
Common towels
Bacterial Infections
• Common contagious diseases preventing
cosmetologist from working
–
–
–
–
–
–
Tuberculosis
Colds
Ringworm
Scabies
Head lice
Virus infections
Viruses
• Submicroscopic structures capable of
infecting almost all plants, animals and
bacteria
–
–
–
–
Can pass through the pores of a porcelain filter
Cause common colds
Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections
They include measles, mumps, chicken pox,
smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, polio, influenza,
HIV (AIDS)
Viruses
• Live by penetrating cells
• Resistant to antibiotics
• Vaccination will prevent
– Not available for all viruses
Hepatitis
• Disease marked by inflammation of the
liver & caused by a blood borne virus
similar to HIV/AIDS in transmission
• Present in all body fluids
• Hepatitis A
– Illness lasts about 3 weeks
– Symptoms similar to flu
– May cause yellowing of skin and eye in adults
Hepatitis
• Spread through close contact
–
–
–
–
Poor sanitation
Personal hygiene
Infected food handlers
Sexual contact
• Contaminated food
– Milk
– Water
– Shellfish
• Vaccine is available
Hepatitis
• Hepatitis B ( HBV )
– Can cause long-term hepatitis, cirrhosis, and/or liver
cancer
– There may be no symptoms or flu-like symptoms
– Primarily transmitted through sexual contact or
parenteral ( occurring outside the intestine ) exposure
• Piercing mucous membranes or skin barrier
• Blood to blood products
– Vaccine is available
Hepatitis
• Hepatitis C ( HCV )
– Progresses slowly
– About 1/3 of those with the illness show no
symptoms
– When symptoms exist they include
• Fatigue
• Stomach pain
• Headaches
Hepatitis
• Hepatitis C
– Transferable through parenteral contact
– Sexual activity w/infected partners
– Passed through blood and body fluids
•
•
•
•
Unprotected sexual contact
Sharing of IV needles w/infected drug users
Accidents w/needles in health care facilities
Through cut and sores
• NO vaccine is available
HIV / AIDS
• HIV
– Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Causes AIDS
– Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• AIDS breaks down the body’s immune system
– Passed through blood and body fluids
•
•
•
•
Unprotected sexual contact
Sharing of IV needles w/infected drug users
Accidents w/needles in health care facilities
Through cut and sores
HIV / AIDS
• Methods for NOT transmitting the disease
–
–
–
–
Hand holding
Hugging
Kissing
Sharing food or household items
• Like telephones or toilet seats
• No documented cases of the virus being transmitted by food
handlers, insects or casual contact
– Can be infected for 11 years without symptoms
• A person may be infected and transmitting the disease without
even knowing they have the disease
Summary
• Infections occur when body tissues are invaded by
disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria
• Three kinds of infections; local, general and
contagious or communicable
• Hepatitis A & B have a vaccine available
• Hepatitis C does not have a vaccine available
• HIV/AIDS breaks down the body’s immune
system