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Probiotics and Functional Foods The Biotech of Digestion What are Probiotics? • dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium or yeasts • probiotics means “for life” What are Probiotics? • ‘Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host Why do we need probiotics? • Flora Out of Balance – – – – – antiboitics drugs excessive alcohol disease toxic substances Where do probiotics fit into digestion? • body contains a miniature ecology of microbes, collectively known gut flora • balanced they work together for health digestion but sometimes out of balance • Use probiotic bacteria work to decrease competitor bacteria harmful to our health How do probiotics work? • Probiotic bacterial cultures assist gut flora • Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) most used by – converting sugars including lactose and other carbohydrates into lactic acid – acts as a preservative by lowering pH and creating fewer opportunities for spoilage organisms • characteristic sour taste of fermented dairy foods such as yogurt Claims Made for Probiotics • • • • • • Improving Immune Function Preventing Infections Managing Lactose Intolerance Prevention of Colon Cancer Cholesterol Lowering Lowering Blood Pressure Current Research Opinions • test-tube experimentation rather than on clinical trials in human subjects • The basic concept of probiotics is based on a misunderstanding of the role of microflora in the human digestive tract. • difficult to understand how bacteria taken by mouth survive human digestion, though research shows that they do survive