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Utilisation of bacteria for anti-fouling biofilm able to avoid the settlement and growth of micro¯o organisms Fouling mechanism • 1: adherence of bact. Colony (Van der Waals) • 2: anchoring (pilis) • 3: polysaccharide matrix • 4: M.O. Attachment • 5: More fouling State of research... • Study of inhibitory effect of various bact. strains on various M.O. • Characterization of attachment mechanism of fouling agents • Characterization of inhibiting extracellular products Advantages/drawbacks + Up to 90 % inhibition of MO No toxic paint on hulls Many different MO types → effect limited to spec. species Mutations: cancel inhib. effect Feasibility • • • • • Genetically: ? Sea: very complex medium Need significant upstream research (surface materials, ) Need experimental validation of designed bacteria with many different conditions → more time than actual engineering ? Lots of economical interest in this Bacteria used • Alteromonas • Pseudoalteromonas : extensively studied for its anti-fouling activity => Inhibit the settlement and growth of a large number of organisms Anti-fouling substance produced • • • • Protein or peptide Thermostable Hydrophilic >3500 daltons in molecular size Inhibition of settlement by 2 ways: - direct: induce lysis in cultures - Indirect: emission from the bacteria of chemical products which inhibit growth and settlement Two possibilities 1. Continuous secretion of a given molecule which will avoid the deposit of molluscs on the hull 1. Secretion in response to a given input (e.g. shear stress) Description of the bioparts 1. Input: when bacteria sense an external input, triggering of the production of a certain molecule to avoid the deposit of plants and mollusc, for example in response to pressure => possibility to use luxR for example for the modelisation = inducible promoter, normally off, which turn on in response to an external input Description of the bioparts 2. Output: the bacteria can produce a molecule in order to kill molluscs attached or to prevent the adhesion. => possibility to use something like GFP as an output in our modelisation Description of the bioparts • 3. Filter: need to avoid the noise coherent feedforward loop with AND-gate. Input fast degrading primary messenger stable secondary messenger ANDgate