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MATA KULIAH : BOTANI TUMBUHAN RENDAH
KODE M.K/SKS : 4314-2-17-3-2/2
The singular alga is the Latin word for a
particular seaweed and retains that
meaning in English. Since Algae has
become a biological classification, alga
can also mean one classification under
Algae, parallel to a fungus being a
species of fungi, a plant being a species
of plant, and so on.
Basically algae are classified base its size
becomes:
 Mikroalga
 Have very small size until to see needed
microscope aid.
 Makroalga
1)
Have size that it might seem by naked eye.
Makroalga are often called sea grass
(seaweeds).
1. Pigment in plastida
 Pigments plays important role in course of photosynthesis
 Pigment at alga existed on plastida. Plastida there is 2 kinds
of that is :
1. Chloroplast (carrier of chlorophyll colour substance)
2. Cromoplast (other carrier of colour substance)
Types khloroplas is differentiated 3 groups :
1. Rhodophycean chloroplast
Tilakoid are disjointed and fikobilisom on the surface
tilakoid
2. Chlorophycean chloroplast
Heap tilakoid and pyrenoid on the surface
3. Chrysophycean chloroplast
Tilakoid in 3 groups, that is reticulum endoplasma,
ribosome and outside surface is existed nuclei

2. Food Reserve
Food Reserve at alga is carbohydrate
content -- glucose polymers with link
consist of: extract (a-1,4 Glucose) and
laminarin, chrysolaminarin/ leucosin,
paramilon (ß-1,3 Glucoses).
3. Cell rilem bane Component


Alga Cell rilem bane prokaryotik consist ofs
mucopeptida and pectin. Existed on
Cyanobakteria and Prochlorophyta. Cell rilem
bane look likes good eubakteria structure
ribosome and chromosome.
Alga Cell rilem bane eukaryotik consist ofs
cellulose and pectin. At Chrysophyta often
contain silicate. Acidulous Phaeophyta algin.
There are 6 alga divisions that its cell rilem
bane eukaryotik for example: Divisio
Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta (dinoflagellata),
Cryptophyta (Chryptomonad), Euglenophyta,
Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta.
Appearance: non-flagellated unicells, flagellates, filaments,
colonies, coenobia, sarcinoid cell aggregations, siphonous forms
 Cell division always involves closed mitosis and a phycoplast
(microtubuli parallel to the division plane)
 Plasmodesmata are present in species that build cell wall by Golgi
vesicle depositions but are lacking in species that divide by
furrowing
 Sexual reproduction by isogamy, anisogamy, or oogamy result in
thick-walled, spined hypnozygotes (zygospores); zygotes serve as
„resting spores“ and germinate by meiosis


Asexual reproduction by
› Zoospores: flagellates with eye-spot and contractile vacuole
› Aplanospores: non-flagellated cells with contractile vacuole
› Autospores: non-flagellated cells lacking contractile vacuole
 Terrestrial species predominantly form autospores (no liquid
medium)
Chlamydomonas: biflagellate unicell
with cuplike chloroplast, very common;
500 species in the genus
 Major model system for genetic and
physiological research
 Asexual reproduction by 2-16 mitotic
cells

This is the brown algae group golden.
specieses Chrysophycophyta a large
part of berflagels, but some of which
ameboid by existence of extension
pseudopodial its protoplasm. form this
ameboid can swallow food in form of
particle constructively pseudopodia.
Reproduction in general binary bisection
but sometimes sexually and isogami.
Because of a lot of the number in cool
territorial water, then diaThis Group consist
of diatom-diatom that existed either in fresh
water or in brine tom is forms plankton that
at most the number in Arktik. diatom can
uniselular, or in form of filament and met in
so many form and form. every cell contain
one nucleus that reality and plastid-plastid
that in form of ribbon or like smaller lens.
Euglena is a single celled eukaryotic protist
which is both a plant (has chlorophyll and
makes its own food) and an animal (is
capable of self motion by means of a
flagellar ‘tail’). Oh yes, it also has an eye
spot which allows it to use light for
directional purposes. Quite a problem for
evolution for several reasons. While bacteria
are known to be able to ‘borrow’ DNA from
other bacteria, eukaryotes, because of their
nucleus and stronger cell walls cannot. As
we know, one cannot descend from totally
disparate species.