Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Skin Conditions Functions of Skin Protection: – – – – – UV Infection Heat Regulation Injury Fluid/Electrolytes Loss Due to tight packing of cells in upper epidermis Also helps avoid absorption of excessive environmental fluids (i.e. swimming) Sensation Endocrine: – Helps produce Vitamin D Blisters Leave blister intact as long as possible – Protection and infection If removal is necessary, clean skin and sharp object thoroughly – Leave top layer of blister for protection, if possible Cover and pad with donut, if necessary Keep clean and check for signs of infection! Ingrown Toenail Painful condition Nail grows into lateral nail fold Caused by: – Poorly fitting shoes – Improper nail trimming – Trauma Treatment: – – – – Soak in warm water and epson salt or betadine Place cotton under nail to lift nail Cut ‘V’ in the middle of the nail Surgery??? Prevention: – Keep nail trimmed straight across (not too long, not too short) Contused Nail Pressure and pain under nail May need to “drill” to relieve pressure – Needle, sharp knife, or small drill bit – Make sure surface and device are cleaned – Go slowly so you don’t hit the nail bed Don’t allow athlete to rip off nail, it may not grow back! Impetigo Bacterial skin infection caused by strep or staph Can occur anywhere…most common around nose/mouth Contagious & spread through close contact or sharing towels/clothing/etc Treated w/ antibiotics (oral or topical) ~3-7days Signs/Symptoms: – – – – Red sores Ooze fluid Yellow-brown crust Can be itchy Eczema Inflammatory skin disease with red, itchy skin Folliculitis Infection in the hair follicle Most common on face/scalp & areas rubbed by clothing, such as the thighs & groin Usually caused by bacteria Can occur from damage caused by shaving or wearing clothes that rub the skin OR when blocked or irritated (sweat, oil, makeup) Self limiting w/ proper cleansing Signs/Symptoms: – “Red pimples” w/ a hair in the center – May drain pus, blood or both – May itch or burn Tetanus Infection (Lock Jaw) Caused by Clostridium bacteria Bacteria live in soil, saliva, dust & enter body through deep cut (i.e. stepping on nail) Causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body – It can lead to "locking" of the jaw – Impossible to open your mouth or swallow Potentially life-threatening…requires immediate tx in hospital Regular vaccines can prevent tetanus – Children get shot as a part of their routine immunizations – Adults should get booster every 10 years and/or after a bad cut/burn Ringworm Tinea Corpus Fungal infection of skin Characterized by round patches w/ scaly raised boarder & central healing zone Refer for correct Dx & appropriate Tx: – OTC: Lamisil, Lotrimin, Tinactin CANNOT participate in wrestling unless cleared & under treatment for 72hrs DO NOT just cover Keep mats and body clean Athletes Foot Tinea Pedis Fungal infection of the foot Sx’s: – Red scaly rash – Peeling or cracking skin – Burning – Itching Keep feet dry/clean! Tx: – OTC: Lamisil, Lotrimin, Tinactin Jock Itch Tinea Cruris Sx’s: – Burning/Itching – Red, scaly patches of skin Keep area dry/clean Tx: – OTC: Lamisil, Lotrimin, Tinactin Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores/Fever Blisters) Type 1: Oral Herpes - causes sores around mouth/lips – Transmitted via oral secretions or sores on skin Kissing or sharing toothbrushes/eating utensils – Causes painful blisters – No cure - Remains in body & lies inactive in nerve cells until triggered by: Sun exposure, fever, fatigue, stress – Drugs can lessen severity Type 2: Genital Herpes – Sexually transmitted Warts Caused by HPV General Tx: – Salicylic Acid, Duck Tape, Liquid Nitrogen Common Wart: – Small, round elevated lesion – Rough, dry surface – Usually go away on their own within 18-24mo Plantar Wart: – Found on bottom of foot – Painful – Wear sandals in locker rooms/community showers Cold Sensitivity/Reaction Cold Urticaria - Allergic Reaction w/ Hives – Can be life-threatening – Redness, hives & itching – Can affect some areas and not others Can be hypersensitive without allergy – Redness & pain Poison Oak/Ivy/Sumac Causes: – Direct contact with plant – Inhalation or skin exposure to airborne oil particles of burning plant – Contact with contaminated materials Sx’s: Within 12-48 hrs – Burning, itching, redness, rash, swelling blisters, high fever Avoid scratching, ice, cold water? Cannot play with signs of serious infection May need to be cleared by physician for wrestling Poison Ivy Poison Oak/Sumac Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas What is MRSA Staph Infection Bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics – Methicillin, Penicillin, & Amoxicillin Became increasingly common in hospital setting in 1970’s MRSA-CA (Community Acquired): emerged in 1990’s May cause more serious infections: – Blood – Pneumonia How bad is CA-MRSA? Most are minor infections and can be treated with an antibiotic cream Some may require treatment w/ oral antibiotics A small percentage can be LIFE THREATENING All MRSA infections should be evaluated by a healthcare provider – If the condition worsens you need to seek immediate treatment Who Gets MRSA Heathcare workers: 1:3 College & HS athletes Inmates Military recruits Daycare kids People in crowded conditions CA-MRSA Breakdown Skin infections Wound (traumatic) Urinary tract infection Sinusitis Bacteremia Pneumonia -Mostly skin infections 1,266 157 64 61 43 31 (77%) (10%) (4%) (4%) (3%) (2%) MRSA Infections Statistics In 2007: – 86% Healthcare Associated – 14% Community Associated In 2005: 94,350 serious infections – ~18,650 people died – Mostly older persons (>65 y/o) Community Healthcare How is MRSA Spread Bacteria is commonly carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy individuals – 25% to 30% of the population are “colonized” Skin to skin contact Crowed living conditions Skin openings (cuts/abrasions) Infected items (sports gear and clothing) Contaminated surfaces (weight room equipment) Poor hygiene What does MRSA look like? Skin can be: – Red or swollen – Painful – Pus or other drainage MRSA MRSA can live for months on surfaces and fabrics: – Up to 7 months on dust – Up to 8 weeks on a mop head – Up to 9 weeks on cotton (towel) – Up to 203 days (over 6 months) on a blanket – MRSA can live on the skin of otherwise healthy individuals, with no symptoms indefinitely How do I prevent MRSA? Wash your hands Don’t share gear/clothing Clean sports gear often Tell ATC about skin wounds Keep cuts clean and covered Don’t touch someone else’s wounds/bandages Use a moisturizer to prevent cracking if the skin is dry Athlete’s With MRSA Wound should be completely covered – Cannot participate if the wound drainage cannot be contained Do not share equipment/clothing/towels Clean off equipment after use If athlete is unable to maintain good personal hygiene, they should be removed from participation until the infection clears