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Reproductive systems
 Human reproduction possible due to sex hormones
(found in male testicles and female ovaries) which
tells those organs to produce gametes
 Sex hormones begin at puberty
 At puberty your pituitary glands start releasing sex
hormones
 Male (testosterone)
 Females (proesterone, estrogen)
 Puberty also leads to physical changes (pubic hair,
larynx(boys), breasts)
 Male reproductive organs
produce spermatozoa
 Scrotum (pouch which
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contains testicles)
Testicles (contain
seminiferous tubles)
Seminiferous tubles
(produce gametes)
Vas deferens (enter/exit
channel for spermatozoa)
Urethra (exit for
semen/urine)
 Female reproductive organs
produce ova
 Ovaries ( release one ovum
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every 28 days)
Follicles (each contain a
single ovum)
Fallopian tubes (sends
ovum to uterus)
Uterus ( hollow organ
which holds the ovum if
fertilized)
Vagina ( exit for baby)
Menstrual cycle
 The menstrual cycle causes changes to the female
reproductive organs
 The lining of the uterus thickens to help the zygote
implant in the uterus and begin its development
Pregnancy
 When one sperm cell succeeds in fertilizing the ovum
 Implants in the uterus
 Zygote takes shape into embryoblast
 External cells of the zygote will form plancenta (carries
nutrients/oxygen to fetus)
 Embryoblast becomes embryo
 After 8 weeks embryo becomes fetus
STIs
 Two types:
 Viral (cause by a virus)
 Bacterial (cause by bacteria)
Bacterial infections
 Syphilis: Starts off as painless sores if untreated can
lead to cardiac problems, damage to nervous system,
and eventually death.
 Gonorrhea: Symptoms appears a few days after
infection. Burning sensation during urination, thick
yellow discharge from penis, painful and/or swollen
testicles.
 Chlamydia: Symptoms appear a few weeks after
infection. Similar to gonorrhea.
Viral STIs
 Hepatitis B, C: Early symptoms include loss of appetite,
nausea, vomiting, jaundice. Can cause permanent liver
damage.
 HIV: Renders immune system ineffective.
 Genital herpes: Early symptoms begin as tingling
sensation on or around genital area. Eventually become
painful blisters and ulcers.
 Oral herpes: Cold sores.
Contraceptives
 Protect against pregnancy, not all STIs
 Examples:
 The pill (female contraceptive)
 Condom
 Diaphragm