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Female Reproductive Anatomy
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The uterus is a muscular organ of the female reproductive system that holds a fetus during pregnancy.
The woman’s sex cell is called an ovum.
The ova, or eggs, are stored in organs called ovaries.
The ovaries also make most of the primary female sex hormone, known as estrogen.
An ovum, travels from an ovary to the uterus through a fallopian tube.
The fallopian tube is not attached to the ovary.
The ovum is drawn into the fallopian tube and carried toward the uterus by movements of the fallopian tubes.
The lower part of the uterus, where the uterus meets the vagina, is the cervix.
The vagina connects the outside of the body with the uterus.
A woman’s breasts are also part of her reproductive system.
Ovulation
11. Women are born with all of the ova they will ever have.
12. Beginning at puberty, one of the ovaries releases a mature ovum every month in a process called ovulation.
13. When a hormone called FSH is released each month, some of the developing ova are at the right stage to finish
maturing.The woman’s body releases a second hormone that makes the ovary release the mature ovum.
14. When the ovum is released, the fallopian tube draws the ovum into the tube.
15. Sweeping movement in the tube’s lining causes a current of fluid in the fallopian tube that carries the ovum
toward the uterus.
Menstruation
16. The lining of the uterus is called the endometrium.
17. If the ovum is fertilized by a sperm cell in the fallopian tube, the fertilized ovum will attach to the wall of the
uterus and a pregnancy will begin.
18. If the ovum is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus will be shed.
19. When the lining is shed, blood & tissue leave the body through the vagina.
20. The monthly breakdown and shedding of the endometrium is called menstruation (period).
21. Ovulation and menstruation happen in a cycle that lasts about 28 days.
22. This cycle is known as the menstrual cycle.
23. The length of the menstrual bleeding can be affected by age, stress, diet, exercise, and illness.
24. Girls usually have their first menstrual period between the ages of 9 and 16.
Problems of the female reproductive system
PROBLEM
DESCRIPTION
Infection of the urinary tract
Urinary Tract Infection
PREVENTION & TREATMENT
Medical treatment, antibiotics
Medical treatment required
Endometriosis
Infection of the vagina by that causes itching, odor, and/or
discharge from the vagina
Growth of tissue outside the uterus/ wrong place.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Diseases passed one to another through sexual contact
Medical treatment, abstain from sexual contact
Toxic shock syndrome
Bacterial infection caused by leaving tampons in the vagina
for too long during menstruation.
Uncontrolled growth of cells on the cervix, uterus, or
ovaries. HPV increases chance of getting cervical cancer
Immediate medical care required, change tampons
every 4-6 hours
Medical care required – surgery and/or chemotherapy
may be required.
Vaginitis
Cervical, uterine, & ovarian cancer
Medical attention required
Caring for the Female Body
25. Bathe everyday.
26. See a doctor regularly.
27. Abstain from sex before marriage to prevent getting a sexually transmitted disease.
28. Get tested every year for abnormal cell growth on the cervix. Check Breasts
29. Maintain good hygiene during menstrual periods.