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Protists 2 Laboratory 4 BIOL 171 Note: The PowerPoint in lab will be abridged so you have more time. Please take a few minutes to read this thoroughly. Thanks! Lab Study E: Amoebozoans Amoeba proteus • Pseudopodia – temporary extensions of amoeboid cells, function in moving and engulfing food Slime Molds (Mycetozoa) • Protists which use spores to reproduce • Heterotrophic – requires carbon in organic form, cannot manufacture it’s own • Feed using phagocytosis • Suggests they descended from unicellular amoeba-like organisms • Two types: plasmodial and cellular (we will be observing plasmodial type today) Physarum (slime mold) • Plasmodial stage – vegetative stage that consists of a multinucleate mass of protoplasm (no cell walls), feeds on bacteria as it creeps along the surface of moist logs or dead leaves • Fruiting bodies – reproductive structures that produce spores Physarum (plasmodial stage) Is slime mold smarter than Japan's railway engineers? check it out! Slime Mold Life Cycle Psychedelic slime mold video: What is red algae? • • • • Eukaryotic Photosynthetic NOT plants Most are aquatic Lab Study F: Red Algae (Rhodophyta) • Simplest is single celled, but most have a macroscopic, multicellular body form • Autotrophic (photosynthetic)– manufactures its own organic nutrients from inorganic carbon sources • Contain chlorophyll a and accessory pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin • Not all are red! Many green, black, even blue, depending on the depth in the ocean they grow Living Specimens Porphyridium Preserved specimens Porphyra coralline algae Chondrus crispus Porphyra life cycle both sexual and asexual – alternation of generations! Coralline algae – “living rock” • Extremely important role in the ecology of coral reefs: sea urchins, fish, and mollusks eat them (herbivore enhancement). • Create microhabitats that protect invertebrates from predation. • Cell walls composed of calcium carbonate – this allows it to fossilize • Economic importance: soil conditioners, food additive for livestock, water filtration, medical vermifuge (stopped late in 18th century), preparation of dental bone implants Economic Uses • Agar – polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of red algae, used to grow bacteria and fungi • Carrageenan – extracted from red algae cell walls, used to give the texture of thickness and richness to foods such as dairy drinks and soups. • Porphyra (or nori) – seaweed wrappers for sushi, billion-dollar industry! Lab Study G: Green Algae (Chlorophyta) • unicellular motile and non-motile, colonial, filamentous, and multicellular – GREAT DIVERSITY • Live primarily in freshwater • Share many characteristics with land plants – Storage of starch, presence of chlorophylls a and b, photosynthetic pathways, and organic compounds called flavonoids • Most botanists support the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae Living Specimens Chlamydomonas Volvox Pediastrum Closterium Pandorina Volvox Preserved Specimens Ulva Chara Table 4: Representative Green Algae (pg. 72) Name Body Form Spirogyra Filamentous Ulva Leaf like Chara Branched Chlamydomonas Pandorina Unicellular flagellate Aggregate Volvox Colony (flagellate) Pediastrum Non-motile colony Closterium Non-motile single celled Characteristics Start filling out Table 5 • Comparison of protists studied last week and this week
