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5 Kingdoms
Mrs. Reese
Glossary
• Taxonomy: The branch of science that deals with the classification of
organisms.
• Prokaryotic: Organisms whose Cells that LACK a nucleus
• Eukaryotic: Organisms whose Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles.
• Multicellular: Organism made up of more than one cell
• Unicellular: Organism made up of ONLY ONE cell
• Autotrophic: Organism that makes energy by making its own food
(photosynthesis).
• Heterotrophic: Organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.
• Asexual reproduction: reproduction that involves one parent-spores, budding,
regeneration. “Offspring” is identical to parent.
• Sexual Reproduction: reproduction that involves two parents. Fusion of
sperm and egg to produce genetically distinct offspring.
Hierarchical Classification
• Organisms are placed
into taxa
Species: Panthera pardus
Classification
groups
The taxonomic
hierarchy:
Genus:
Panthera
Family:
Felidae
Order:
Carnivora
Class:
Mammalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Kingdom: Animalia
Domain:
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
The three domains of life
Figure 14.22
Some Basics of Taxonomy
• Carolus Linnaeus
– developed binomial nomenclature, the
formal naming system used today
– Each species is assigned a two-part
scientific name consisting of the
Genus and the species
Upper
case
lower
case
– Scientific names are underlined or
italicized
– Example: Homo sapiens
The Three Domain System
• The three-domain
system
– Is one alternative to
the six-kingdom
system
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Earliest
organisms
Figure 14.27b
Arranging Life into Kingdoms: A Work in Progress
Arranges life into kingdoms based on specific characteristics
Figure 14.27a
The Six Kingdoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
–
–
Domain: Archae or Bacteria
Kingdom: Archea or Bacteria
Cells: Prokaryotic
Uni-cellular
Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
Reproduction: Asexual and
sexual (conjugation)
Examples of Bacteria
E-Coli
Pneumococcus
Salmonella
Cyanobacteria
Examples of Archae:
Halobacterium (salt lovers)
Thermopoteus (hot water lover
The Six Kingdoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
–
–
–
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Protista
Cells: Eukaryotic
Mostly Uni-cellular
Autotrophic or
Heterotrophic
Reproduction: Sexual
and Asexual
Examples:
Algae (plant-like) –
autotrophic
Protozoans (animal-like)
– heterotrophic
Slime molds (fungus-like)
– multi-cellular
The Six Kingdoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom Fungi
Cells: Eukaryotic
Mostly Multi-cellular
Heterotrophic
Reproduction: spores
(asexual and sexual)
• Examples
– molds, yeasts (uni), mushrooms
The Six Kingdoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Cells: Eukaryotic
Multi-cellular
Autotrophic
Reproduction: Sexual and
Asexual
• Examples:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mosses
Ferns
Pines
Flowers
Trees
Grasses
Cactus
The Six Kingdoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Cells: Eukaryotic
Multi-cellular
Heterotrophic
Reproduction: Sexual
Examples:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Insects
Spiders
Fish
Birds
Amphibians
Mammals