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Lifestyle Diseases Unit 5 Cancer • A disease caused uncontrolled cell growth • More than 1 million people in US diagnosed yearly • Second leading cause of death • Tumor: a clump of these faulty cells – Malignant tumor: a mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy tissue, spreading and eventually damages vital organs. – Benign tumor: an abnormal, but usually harmless cell mass. Can grow large enough to neg affect tissues, must be removed. Cancer Cells • Cancer cells tear through and crush neighboring tissues • Strangle blood vessels and take nutrients needed by healthy cells. • Metastasis: cells travel(spread) to other parts of the body. They settle and grow into new tumors. Causes • Damage to the genes that regulate the making of new cells. – Damaged genes can be inherited – Carcinogens(cancer-causing agents) can damage genes • • • • Viruses (HPV) Radioactivity or UV radiation (outside/tanning) Chemicals in tobacco smoke (arsenic, benzene) asbestos Types of Cancer Breast: highest number of new cases per year Prostate Lung: highest number of deaths Colon Urinary(bladder or kidney) Lymphoma Skin(carcinoma/melanoma) Leukemia(tissues that produce blood) Ovarian(Ovaries) Nervous System(Brain/spinal chord) Cervical(Cervix) Detection Self-Exams Skin, breasts, testicles Look for growths, sores that don’t heal, moles(size, shape, color) Biopsy Sample of tissue is taken and examined Determine type of cancer and if tumor is malignant or benign. Xrays Breast: mammogram MRI: gather images of the body Blood and DNA tests Treatment and Prevention Treating Cancer Surgery Remove tumors Chemotherapy Drugs to destroy cancer cells But kills body’s healthy cells Side effects: nausea, fatigue, hair loss, vomiting Radiation Therapy Beam of radiation fired at a tumor Preventing Cancer Don’t smoke Safeguard your skin Eat your veggies and cut the fat Stay active, maintain weight Regular medical checkups Diabetes • A disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood such that high bloodglucose levels result. • May result in diabetic coma: loss of consciousness when there is too much blood sugar and a build up of toxic substance in the blood. • Insulin: hormone that causes cells to remove glucose from the bloodstream. Types of Diabetes Type 1 Insulin Dependent/Juvenile Diabetes Accounts for only 5-10% in the US Immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. Body cannot make insulin. Symptoms: thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss. Insulin injections daily. Type 2 Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Most common in the US(over 40 and over-weight) Cells do not respond to insulin. Build up of glucose in blood. Symptoms: thirst, freq urination, blurred vision, freq infections, slow healing sores. Gestational Pregnant woman may develop near the end of pregnancy. Symptoms same as type 2 but milder, may cause complications. Usually goes away after baby is born. Treatment There is no cure for diabetes • Type 1 test blood-glucose levels several times daily. Insulin injections Type 2 • Diet and Exercise Sexually transmitted diseases Unit 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases(STDs) • STDs are infectious diseases that are spread by sexual contact. • Can lead to infertility, serious illness, death • About 15 million Americans infected each year • 25% of all new cases occur in teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19. Chlamydia • Caused by a bacterium that infect the reproductive organs and causes mucous discharge. • Often no symptoms – Males: painful urination, discharge from penis – Females: painful urination, vaginal discharge, pelvic pain • Antibiotics to treat Gonorrhea • An STD caused by bacterium that infect mucous membranes, including genital mucous membranes. • Often no obvious symptoms – Painful urination, discharge • Treated with antibiotics but becoming more difficult to treat b/c it has become more resistant to antibiotics. Syphilis Caused by a bacterium that can cause ulcers or chancres. Can spread through the blood, damaging the nervous system and other organs. 3 Phases Phase 1: painless ulcer/chancre at entrance place(genitals or mouth) Phase 2: skin rash on part or all of body, fever, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, muscle aches Phase 3: Latent syphilis: heart and nervous sys damage, blindness, loss of mental abilities, possible death. Treated with antibiotics. If treated early, can be cured. Genital Herpes • Viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). • Two Types – HSV 1: cold sores, blisters around mouth – HSV 2: red bumps, blisters, sores around genitals, Fever with first infection, swollen lymph nodes • There is no cure. Antiviral meds can shorten and reduce frequency of outbreaks • Infected person remains infected for life. HPV Human Papilloma Virus Caused by group of viruses that can cause genital warts in males and females. Responsible for more new STD cases than any other STD in the US. Often no symptoms Genital warts(usually pink or reddish), can lead to cervical cancer in females Genital warts and increased risk of genital cancer in males No cure… warts can be removed or treated with meds but will return. Viral Hepatitis • Inflammation of the liver. • Two Types that are sexually transmitted – B and C • Symptoms: jaundice, fatigue, muscle aches, fever, loss of appetite, dark urine • No cure for B or C. There is a vaccine to prevent B. Meds may help stop the spread. • Can lead to liver damage, failure, cancer, death if untreated. Trichomoniasis • Caused by a single-celled protozoan. • Sometimes no symptoms in males. • Symptoms: itching in genital area, discharge, painful urination • Can be cured with a prescribed medicine. • Leads to bladder and urethral infections in women and inflammed urethra in men. Pubic Lice • • • • Strain of lice found in pubic hair. “Crabs” Spread by skin-to-skin contact Symptoms: intense itching in the pubic area. Medications can kill the lice. Must wash clothes and linens in hot water to kill eggs.