Download Breast cancer

Breast cancer
And self breast exams
Yamilena Norton
Eleanor Palacpac
Jenna Robbins
Angie Sterwald
Breast Cancer
What is breast cancer?
• Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous)
tumor that starts from cells of the breast.
Tumor sizes:
3 spheres measuring 1 cm, 3cm, 5cm
Stage 0
• This stage is used to describe non-invasive
breast cancer. There is no evidence of
cancer cells breaking out of the part of the
breast in which it started, or of getting
through to or invading neighboring normal
tissue.
Stage I
• This stage describes invasive breast
cancer (cancer cells are breaking through
to or invading neighboring normal tissue)
in which
• The tumor measures up to two
centimeters, AND
• No lymph nodes are involved
Stage II
• The tumor measures at least two centimeters,
•
but not more than five centimeters, OR
Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes under the
arm on the same side as the breast cancer.
Affected lymph nodes have not yet stuck to one
another or to the surrounding tissues, a sign
that the cancer has not yet advanced to stage
III. The tumor in the breast can be any size.
Stage IIIA
• Stage IIIA describes invasive breast
cancer in which:
• the tumor measures larger than five
centimeters, OR
• there is significant involvement of lymph
nodes. The nodes clump together or stick
to one another or surrounding tissue.
Stage IIIB
• A tumor of any size has spread to the breast
•
skin, chest wall, or internal mammary lymph
nodes (located beneath the breast right under
the ribs, inside the middle of the chest).
This stage includes inflammatory breast cancer,
a very uncommon but very serious, aggressive
type of breast cancer. The most distinguishing
feature of inflammatory breast cancer is redness
involving part or all of the breast. It looks like
the peel of a navel orange , or even ridges,
welts, or hives.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Known as peau de orange,
inflammatory cancer is often misdiagnosed
as a simple cellulitis.
• Note the aggressive progression of
inflammatory breast cancer
Stage IV
This stage includes invasive breast cancer in which
• a tumor has spread beyond the breast,
underarm, and internal mammary lymph nodes,
and
• a tumor may have spread to the supraclavicular
lymph nodes (nodes located at the base of the
neck, above the collarbone), lungs, liver, bone,
or brain.
Statistics in Women
• Breast cancer is the most common cancer
•
among American women, except for skin
cancers. The chance of developing invasive
breast cancer at some time in a woman's life is
about 1 in 8 (12%).
It is estimated that in 2008 about 182,460 new
cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed
among women in the United States. Women
living in North America have the highest rate of
breast cancer in the world. At this time there are
about 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the
United States.
Statistics in Men
• The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2008
.
some 1,990 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be
diagnosed among men in the United States. Breast
cancer is about 100 times less common among men than
among women. For men, the lifetime risk of getting
breast cancer is about 1/10th of 1% (1 in 1,000). The
number of breast cancer cases in men relative to the
population has been fairly stable over the last 30 years.
In 2008, about 450 men will die from breast cancer in
the United States. Breast cancer accounts for less than
half of 1% of cancer deaths among men.
Statistics
• The prognosis (outlook) for men with breast
cancer was once thought to be worse than that
for women, but recent studies have not found
this to be true. Based on looking at each stage,
the survival rates are about equal. In other
words, men and women with the same stage of
breast cancer have a similar outlook for survival.
• Meaning men also need to do breast exams .
Screening
• Mammogram. A mammogram is an X-
ray of the breast. Mammograms are the
best method to detect breast cancer early
when it is easier to treat and before it is
big enough to feel or cause symptoms.
Screening
• Clinical breast exam. A clinical breast
exam is an examination by a doctor or
nurse, who uses his or her hands to feel
for lumps or other changes
Our educational screening today
will focus on the Breast self-exam.
• A breast self-exam is when you check your
own breasts for lumps, changes in size or
shape of the breast, or any other changes
in the breasts or underarm (armpit).
References
• http://www.breastcare.com/bcc/research/i
nflammatory.asp
• http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breastcancer/DS00328
• Klossner, J., & Hatfield, N. (2006).
Introductory Maternity & Pediatric
Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.