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DIS-EASE
Understanding the causes, symptoms,
progression, and treatment of disease
allows us to better protect and care for
our bodies.
Non-communicable Diseases –
p.673-694
Journal Entry:
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What is a non-communicable disease?
Name 5 diseases that fit this category.
What are 5 risk factors that you can
control to prevent these diseases?
(See Charts on p679 & p683)
Non-Infectious Diseases
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Things I can NOT Control
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Heredity
Ethnicity
Gender
Age
Environment – smog, stress
Factors I can Control
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Activity
Diet
Smoking, Drug Use
Positive Attitude
Stress Reduction; Sleep
Directions
Make a card game (matching-type) which will help your
classmates review the diseases covered in class
Be sure to cover the following points:
Prevention – Self-Care
Cause(s) - Transmission
Symptoms
Progression
Treatment(s)
Outcome(s)
Include lots of good information on the disease
Break the information down into small, manageable pieces.
Non-Communicable Diseases
1. Diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 - p.691
2. Cancer - lymphoma, leukemia, sarcoma - p.681-687
3. Skin Cancer - Melanoma, Carcinoma - p.362-365
4. Arthritis, Rheumatoid & Osteo - p.693-4
5. Cardio-vascular Disease, p.674-680
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Stroke, Embolism, Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure, Atherosclerosis,
Varicose Veins, Anemia
6. Nervous System – p.406
Alzheimers, Parkinson’s, Lou Gehrig’s (ALS), Hodgkin’s, Multiple Sclerosis,
Epilepsy, Cerebral Palsy, spinal injuries
7. Respiratory Diseases, p.433, p.635-637
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Asthma, Emphysema, Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, allergies
8. Mouth, Eyes, Ears, p.367-379
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Gingivitis, Dental caries, Plaque
Glaucoma, Cataracts, Conjunctivitis, Macular Degeneration
Tinnitus, Hearing Loss
General Cancer Terms (p 681)
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Cancer - uncontrolled overgrowth of cells
Carcinogen - cancer-causing agent
Tumor – mass of cell overgrowth = lump
Benign - slow-growing, contained
Malignant - growing rapidly & spreading
Polyp – small growth of cells that could turn into
cancer
Metastasis - spread to other parts of body
Biopsy - tiny tissue sample for lab analysis
Remission - cancer not detectable
Types of Cancer
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Carcinoma – skin and mucous membranes
(includes glands & body linings)
Sarcoma - bone, muscle, ligaments (connective
or supportive tissue)
Melanoma - aggressive form of skin cancer
(Malignant – spreads fast)
Lymphoma – the lymph system (immune
system)
Leukemia – cancer of the blood-forming organs
Treatment for Cancer
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Radiation – radioactive rays
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Chemotherapy – medicines – chemicals
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Surgery – removes cancerous tissue
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Immunotherapy – boost immune system
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Hormone therapy – medicines interfere with
hormone production
Risk Factors for Cancer
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Exposure to carcinogens
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Tobacco
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Diet (fat, red meats, charcoal grilled)
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Radiation – sun, x-rays
C A U T I O N (memorize)
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C Change in bowel habits
A A sore that does not heal
U Unusual bleeding or discharge
uterus, bladder, bowels, nipple, with coughing
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T
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N
Thickening or a lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
ABC’s for Skin Moles
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A Asymmetry – can’t divide evenly
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B Border – uneven
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C Color – several colors
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D Diameter – larger than pencil eraser
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E Elevation – raised
Diabetes
kills the cells of the body
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Type 1 Diabetes - “Childhood”
Insulin-producing cells in pancreas are destroyed
 High amounts of sugar in blood
 Damage to eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart
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Type 2 Diabetes – “late-onset”
90-95% of all cases
 After age 40 – epidemic, affecting younger ages
 Unable to make enough insulin or use it properly
 High blood sugar = same symptoms/problems
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Diabetes
kills the cells of the body
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Outcomes
Amputation
 Death of organs
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Signs/ Risk Factors
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http://images.google.com/images?sourcei
d=navclient&rls=SUNA,SUNA:200611,SUNA:en&q=diabetes+symptoms&um
=1&ie=UTF8&ei=Xjz7SeqpJKSCtgOG0pnqAQ&sa=X&o
i=image_result_group&resnum=4&ct=title
Diabetes
Prevention & Treatment
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Diet low in fat, calories & cholesterol
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Increase physical activity
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Control weight
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Oral medications or insulin injections
Osteoarthritis - Adults
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Possible Causes
Genetics
 Lifestyle
 Food allergies
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Risk Factors
Overweight
 Joint injuries
 Poor diet
 Lack of exercise
 Over age 40
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Juvenile
Rheumatoid Arthritis
CAUSES
 Immune system attacks body’s cells
 Inherited
SYMPTOMS
 Stiff, Swollen joints
 Fatigue – extreme tiredness
 Weight loss
 Fever and pain
Cardio-Vascular Diseases, p674
1. Hypertension – high blood pressure
2. Atherosclerosis – fat build up in vessels
3. Angina pectoris - chest pain, not enough oxygen
4. Arrhythmias – Irregular heartbeats - fibrillation
5.Heart Attack – heart muscle destroyed
6. Stroke – brain – vessel blockage or rupture
7. Embolism – blockage of artery (pulmonary)
8. Varicose veins – pooling of blood; weak ‘flaps’
Heart Attack
Warning Signs
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Pressure, fullness, squeezing or aching in
the chest area
Discomfort spreading to arms, neck, jaw,
upper abdomen and back
Chest discomfort WITH shortness of
breath, lightheadedness, sweating,
nausea, and vomiting
Diagnostic Tools
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EKG
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MRI
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Graph of electrical activity of heart
Powerful magnets create images of internal
organs
Radionuclide Imaging
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Radio-active solution injected into blood
shows on computer screen as it passes
through the heart
Treatment: C-V Diseases
1. Coronary Bypass
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Vein replaces blocked artery
2. Angioplasty
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Tube with a balloon is inflated to open artery walls.
3. Medications
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Drugs lower cholesterol, slow blood clotting, and
maintain fluid balance (diuretics)
4. Pacemaker
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Small device sends electrical impulses so heart beats
regularly
Eyes
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Glaucoma: High pressure in the eye damages
the retina and optic nerve with loss of sight.
Cataracts: lens becomes cloudy creating
blurry or foggy vision
Macular Degeneration – Light-sensing cells
stop working. Leading cause of blindness
over age 60.
Care & Prevention - Eyes
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Good Diet with Vitamin A
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Protection
 Safety
goggles
 Sunglasses - don’t look at sun
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Eye exams – locate problems
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Rest eyes regularly – every 10 minutes
Ears
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Tinnitis – ringing, buzzing, hissing,
roaring, or other sounds within ear
Hearing Loss/Deafness
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Heredity
Loud Noises – damage nerves
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see chart on decibel levels – p.770
Approximate Decibel Levels
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.60 Normal conversation, sewing machine
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.90 Lawnmower, shop tools
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.100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, snowmobile;
(2 hours/day maximum)
.115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert
(15 min/day maximum)
.140 Gun shot, jet engine
(causes pain; even brief exposure injures
unprotected ears)
Teeth
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Plaque
 Sticky film
 Destroys tooth enamel
 Irritates gums
Tartar
 Plaque that has hardened on the teeth
Gingivitis
 Inflamed gums when bacteria develop under
plaque (bleeding gums)
 Can result in bone loss around teeth
Teeth: Care & Prevention
1. Regular visits to dentist
2. Brush away plaque daily
3. Floss between teeth
4. Massage gums
5. Well-balanced diet
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Phosphorus, calcium, Vitamin C
Avoid sugary foods