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Skin Cancer
2 Main Types of Skin Cancer
• Basal and Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
• Melanoma
These account for more than 99% of all skin
cancers.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Non-melanoma skin cancer
• Small, fleshy bump or nodule
on the head, neck, or hands
• Accounts for more than 90
percent of all skin cancers in
the United States
• Usually treated
successfully—95%
(American Academy of Dermatology)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Non-melanoma carcinoma
• May appear as nodules, or
as red, rough/scaly/crusted
patches of skin
• Usually treated
successfully—95% (American
Academy of Dermatology)
• Second most common skin
cancer found in Caucasians
Basal/Squamous Cell Carcinomas:
Who is at Risk ?
• Light hair
• light eyes
• fair
complexions
• Do not tan
easily
Melanoma
• AKA: cutaneous melanoma
or malignant melanoma
• Cancer cells form from the
melanocytes
• ~9% of all skin cancers, but
has the highest death rate
*75 percent of all deaths from skin
cancer
Who is at Risk?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Blond or red hair
Blue eyes
Fair complexion
Family history of melanoma
Many ordinary moles (more than 50)
Many freckles
Immunosuppressive disorder
Sun exposure
Inability to tan
Other Factors
• Heredity
• Occupational exposure to coal tar, pitch,
creosote, arsenic compounds, or radium.
• Elevation - ultraviolet light is stronger as
elevation increases
• Latitude - the rays of the sun are
strongest near the equator.
• Cloud cover - places with regular cloud
cover may actually reduce UV
Controllable Risk Factors
• Excessive Tanning
• Not using Sunscreen
How do you know?
Is it a mole or melanoma?
• Use the ABCDE rule
– A = asymmetry
– B = borders
– C = color variation
– D = diameter
– E = evolving
(changing)
Things to look for
• A=Asymmetry (the left side of the lesion is
unlike the right side)
Things to look for
• B=Border Irregularity (the lesion has a
scalloped or poorly defined border)
Things to look for
• C=Color Variation (not all parts of the
lesion are the same color;
within the lesion may be patches of tan,
brown, black, pink, white or blue)
Things to look for
• D=Diameter (while melanomas are usually
greater than 6mm in diameter when
diagnosed, they can be smaller. If you
notice a mole different from others, or
which changes, itches or bleeds even if it
is smaller than 6mm, you should see a
dermatologist)
Common Items That are 6mm in
Diameter
Things to look for
• E=Evolving
(Has the mole or skin
lesion changed color,
size or shape? Does
it looks different than
the others?)
References
• Different Types Of Skin Cancer. In: Squidoo [discussion
list on the Internet]. 2010; [cited 2010 July 13]. Available
from: http://www.squidoo.com/differenttypesofskincancer
• Skin Cancer. [discussion list on the Internet]. [University
of Maryland Medicine]; 2003 May 16; [cited 2010 July
12]. Available from:
http://www.umm.edu/skincancer/index.htm
• The ABCDEs of moles and melanomas. In:
Cancernetwork.com [discussion list on the Internet].
[UBM Medica]; 2010 Mar. 9; [cited 2010 July 13].
Available from: http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancermanagement-12/coloratlas1/article/10165/1535070