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Biology for Future Presidents Important Concepts That Can Be Easily Understood Week6 Cancer and HIV A.I.D.S. The Deadliest Cancer by Professor Larry N. Vanderhoef Chancellor Emeritus & Distinguished Professor University of California, Davis, U.S.A Design courtesy of fppt.com Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5) Frightening Diseases. I. Cancer Causes and Cures Frightening Diseases. I. Cancer Causes and Cures Translating the code in DNA into a protein Jonathan Eisen 3 Frightening Diseases. I. Cancer Causes and Cures Watson & Crick RootsWeb.com 4 Frightening Diseases. I. Cancer Causes and Cures Maurice Wilkins 5 Frightening Diseases. I. Cancer Causes and Cures Rosalind Franklin Science 6 - Rosalind Franklin 08 6 Frightening Diseases. I. Cancer Causes and Cures chemotherapy unnewsJohnnys a big poopy - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia Chemotherapy just too expensive to waste on cancer patients anymore - Scrape TV - The World on your side 7 Frightening Diseases. I. Cancer Causes and Cures Radiation Therapy Wikimedia Commons Dina Wakulchik Polemica su radioterapia. Ceccarelli Con il nuovo ospedale nessun miglioramento » La Gazzetta di Lucca 8 Frightening Diseases. I. Cancer Causes and Cures Our Immune System Source: Precision Graphics+ http://www.precisiongraphics.com/services/illustration/ 9 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer? Get your affairs in Order. Ehumanbiofield 11 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Wikimedia Commons Forest & Kim Starr Flickr plj.johnny Wikimedia Commons Forest & Kim Starr Flickr Gabriela Ruellan Wikimedia Commons Lairich Rig 12 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls DREAM OF ARLEQUIN Doing everything you can to extend your life – may not be the best idea. 13 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Steve Jobs 1955-2011 Flickr MATEUS_27:24&25 Scrape TV - The World on your side Flickr MATEUS_27:24&25 14 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Genes and Chromosomes Source: National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html 15 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls University of California, Davis, U.S.A, Larry N. Vanderhoef 16 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Source: Cengage Learning - Brooks/Cole 17 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Source: Cengage Learning - Brooks/Cole Cell division in plants and animals is virtually identical. 18 19 Source: Cengage Learning - Brooks/Cole Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Cancer can appear In any living tissue… Thyroid cancer Mouth cancer Skin cancer – Basal Cell carcinoma SMOKING Tanning Booths Tingkatkan Risiko Kanker Kulit - Jurnal Secience 20 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Colon cancer ¿Conoces al Virus del Papiloma Humano UNIVERSITAM » Ciencia, Investigación, Tecnología y Desarrollo. OurAwesomeEssay 21 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Oral cancer Lance Armstrong Testicular cancer zubarica desCrentes Tongue cancer ThePlatform.info 22 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Cell structure globalbiology 23 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls CELL DIVISION Genes are duplicated in the process of cell division Source: Genetics Home Reference http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/cellsdivide 24 Uncontrolled Cell Division, Cancer and Galls Typical cancer More than one mutation is necessary to make a normal cell go cancerous. TipThePlanet 25 Immune System Immune System Source: Finches in Life Book, Life9e-Figure-42.2. 27 Immune System Source: Finches in Life Book, Life9e-Figure-42.3. 28 Immune System shell fish Common inducers of allergic responses … 네이버 블로그 pharmaceuticals peanuts Patrick M. Gallivan New York State Senate Flickr EuroMagic 29 Immune System mold in a shower … and some more. dust mites Quanti di voi hanno problemi di umidità Wikimedia Commons Kennyall 30 Immune System Poison Ivy Mankato Free Press Minnesota has always been a small town state - Bluestem Prairie Coincidental or evolutionary advantage Source: Public Opinion, Polls and Discussion on SodaHead, http://www.sodahead.com/living/poison-ivyoak-orsumac-have-you-ever-gotten-it-on-your-skin-whats-the-best-method-of-remedyreli/question-2367765/?slide=2 31 Immune System Some people are unusually allergic to bee stings Bees Ranking de ¿Cual Es Tu Mayor Temor - Listas en 20minutos.es 32 Immune System Pollen – common allergy inducing substance. There’s lots of it for most of the year. Allergy natural treatment | Butterbur , by Société & Vous - Santé 33 Immune System biology111S22011 34 Immune System Source: Finches in Life Book, Life9e-Figure-42.3. 35 Immune System Source: Diseases and Conditions - A Usermeds.com, http://www.usermeds.com/medications/clarinex Flickr ZenBenjamin Flickr HeatherMG Flickr outtacontext Source: Modern Medical Guide, http://www.modernmedicalguide.com/antihistamines/ Source: Pharmaceuticals Drugs,Multimineral Supplement Manufacturers,Antibacterial Drugs Suppliers, http://www.whizlaboratories.com/antihistamine-drugs.htm 36 Immune System Smallpox Bukisa - Share your Knowledge 37 Immune System Edward Jenner ~1800 38 Immune System Milkmaid Cowpox vaccination Jorge Juan Lozano Cámara Source: Milkmaids and Cowpox, The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/milkmaids-and-cowpox 39 Immune System I Polio Wikispaces Alicia M. 40 Immune System (Conclusion) Immune System (Conclusion) Our Immune System Source: Precision Graphics+ http://www.precisiongraphics.com/services/illustration/ 42 Immune System (Conclusion) Antibodies Wikimedia Commons Opabinia regalis this antibody can bind to a type of virus this antibody can bind to a species of bacteria 43 Immune System (Conclusion) dendritic cell bacterium naive B cell complement Antibody-mediated Immunity naive helper T cell B cell memory B cell effector helper T cell antigenpresenting dendritic cell memory helper T cell effector B cell University of California, Davis. Larry N. Vanderhoef 44 Immune System (Conclusion) dendritic cell Cell-mediated Immune Response naive cytotoxic T cell antigenpresenting dendritic cell activated cytotoxic T cell memory cytotoxic T cell naive helper T cell effector helper T cell effector cytotoxic T cell University of California, Davis. Larry N. Vanderhoef memory helper T cell 45 Immune System (Conclusion) Cellular Immune Response Kills Cancer Cells cytotoxic T cell cancer cell Flickr Microbe World 46 Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Best Compounding Pharmacy Halsted Healthmart HIV Drug Therapy and Treatment Options 47 Immune System (Conclusion) A virus is a noncellular infectious agent. It consists of a protein coat wrapped around genetic material (either RNA or DNA) and a few viral enzymes. A virus is far smaller than any cell and does not have ribosomes or other metabolic machinery. To replicate, the virus must insert its genetic material into a cell of a specific organism, which we call its host. A viral infection is like a cellular hijacking. Viral genes take over a host cell’s machinery and direct it to synthesize viral proteins and nucleic acids. These components then self-assemble as new viral particles. 48 Immune System (Conclusion) Wikimedia Commons GrahamColm RNA viral DNA and enzymes lipid envelope with protein components protein subunits of coat protein coat Inside the envelope Flickr Microbe World Wikimedia Commons Gleiberg 49 Immune System (Conclusion) Wikimedia Commons Daniel Beyer 50 Immune System (Conclusion) Source: Finches in Life Book, Life9e-Figure-42.2. 51 Immune System (Conclusion) Source: MedlinePlus + http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kaposissarcoma.html Wikimedia Commons M. Sand, D. Sand, C. Thrandorf, V. Paech, P. Altmeyer, F. G. Bechara Case study in dentistry – Lines 52 Immune System (Conclusion) Journal - Journal on open sea and coastal kayak paddling Listas creadas por los usuarios de 20minutos.es Rock Hudson 11/17/25 – 10/2/85 53 Immune System (Conclusion) HIV AIDS 54 Immune System (Conclusion) Source: Michigan Department of Community Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Section; reported cases as of July 1, 2006, http://www.kalcounty.com/hcs/hivaids.htm 55 Immune System (Conclusion) 56 Immune System (Conclusion) The A.I.D.S. “cocktail” -inhibit binding to host cell -slow transcription of RNA -inhibit integration of viral DNA into the human chromosome -prevent processing of newly translated polypeptides into viral proteins 57 Immune System (Conclusion) Source: Finches in Life Book, Life9e-Figure-42.2. 58 Immune System (Conclusion) Transmission activities Sex – Anal, vaginal, oral Blood transfusion Dirty needles Fluid exchanges between mother and baby during pregnancy Breast feeding Child birth 59 Immune System (Conclusion) 2009. 33.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS 2.6 million new infections per year 1.8 million deaths per year. About 75% in subsaharan Africa 60 Immune System (Conclusion) NO KNOWN CURE 61 Immune System (Conclusion) Wikipedia Many cancers Fevers and sweats Pneumonia TB Problems in bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes, CNS Dementia Bipolar disorder ETC., ETC. Everything that can go wrong – eventually DOES 62 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Jonathan Eisen http://www.microbe.net/fact-sheet-dna-rna-protein/ 2011/12/31 visited RootsWeb.com http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~spearin/gengen.html 2012/5/28 visited Wikimedia Commons: Author Unknown http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maurice_Wilkins_nobel.jpg 2012/5/28 visited Science 6 - Rosalind Franklin 08 http://cascience6.wikispaces.com/Rosalind+Franklin+08 2012/5/28 visited unnewsJohnnys a big poopy - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/UnNews:Johnnys_a_big_poopy 2012/5/28 visited 63 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Wikimedia Commons Unknown photographer/artist, National Cancer Institute http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chemotherapy_bottles_NCI.jpg 2011/12/31 visited Chemotherapy just too expensive to waste on cancer patients anymore - Scrape TV - The World on your side http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Health/pages-2/Chemotherapy-just-too-expensive-to-giveto-cancer-patients-anymore-Scrape-TV%20The-World-on-your-side-2012-04-04.html 2012/5/28 visited Wikimedia Commons Dina Wakulchik http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radiation_therapy.jpg?uselang =zh-tw 2011/12/31 visited Polemica su radioterapia. Ceccarelli Con il nuovo ospedale nessun miglioramento » La Gazzetta di Lucca http://www.lagazzettadilucca.it/politica/2011/03/polemica-su-radioterapia-ceccarellidell-udc-con-il-nuovo-ospedale-nessun-miglioramento/ 2012/5/28 visited This work originally comes from Precision Graphics + http://www.precisiongraphics.com/services/illustration/ and it is used and modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •term of use •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. 64 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Ehumanbiofield https://ehumanbiofield.wikispaces.com/Cancer+Commercial+wiki+pkay 2012/5/4 visited Wikimedia Commons Forest & Kim Starr http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_0602256116_Ageratina_adenophora.jpg 2012/1/13 visited Flickr plj.johnny http://www.flickr.com/photos/plj/761693182/ 2012/1/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Forest & Kim Starr http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_0412211822_Acacia_melanoxylon.jpg 2012/1/13 visited Flickr Gabriela Ruellan http://www.flickr.com/photos/ultimorollo/3201920681/ 2012/1/13 visited 65 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Wikimedia Commons Lairich Rig http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nail_galls_on_lime_-_geograph.org.uk__912681.jpg 2012/1/13 visited This work is from Prensa Rosa wikiNoticia + http://gl.wikinoticia.com/entretenimiento/rosa/46149-tristes-imaxes-de-patrickswazye and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. DREAM OF ARLEQUIN http://dreamofarlequin.wordpress.com/2009/09/15/1668/ 2012/5/4 visited Flickr MATEUS_27:24&25 http://www.flickr.com/photos/mateus27_24-25/6233705738/ 2012/1/14 visited Scrape TV - The World on your side http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Technology/pages-2/Mark-Zuckerbergmay-be-the-next-to-get-fired-cancer-die-young-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-yourside.html 2012/5/4 visited 66 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Flickr MATEUS_27:24&25 http://www.flickr.com/photos/mateus27_24-25/6233083059/ 2012/1/14 visited This work is from National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. University of California, Davis, U.S.A, Larry N. Vanderhoef This work originally comes from Cengage Learning - Brooks/Cole and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. This work originally comes from Cengage Learning - Brooks/Cole and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. 67 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source This work originally comes from Cengage Learning - Brooks/Cole and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. SMOKING http://tcsmoking.wikispaces.com/Mouth+Cancer 2012/1/14 visited Wikimedia Commons: Author Unknown http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thyroid_cancer.jpg 2012/1/14 visited Tanning Booths Tingkatkan Risiko Kanker Kulit - Jurnal Secience http://jurnalsecience.blogspot.com/2011/12/tanning-booths-tingkatkan-risikokanker.html 2012/1/14 visited ¿Conoces al Virus del Papiloma Humano http://globedia.com/conoces-virus-papiloma-humano 2012/11/1 visited 68 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source OurAwesomeEssay http://ourawesomeessay.wikispaces.com/How+smoking+affects+health 2012/5/4 visited UNIVERSITAM » Ciencia, Investigación, Tecnología y Desarrollo. http://universitam.com/academicos/?p=19237 2012/5/4 visited desCrentes http://descrentes.com.br/a-historia-de-lance-armstrong/ 2012/5/4 visited zubarica http://www.zubarica.com/2011/07/15/kako-nekog-nauciti-da-perezube/#.T6Nqn7MtixU 2012/5/4 visited ThePlatform.info www.theplatform.info/feedcontent/article/21628 2012/5/4 visited 69 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source globalbiology http://globalbiology.wikispaces.com/Why%3F 2012/1/14 visited This work is from Genetics Home Reference http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/cellsdivide and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. TipThePlanet http://www.tiptheplanet.com/wiki/Blood_cancer 2012/5/4 visited This work is from Finches in Life Book, Life9e-Figure-42.2. and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act This work is from Finches in Life Book, Life9e-Figure-42.3. and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act 70 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Patrick M. Gallivan New York State Senate http://www.nysenate.gov/press-release/gallivan-takes-part-roundtable-addressingprescription-drug-abuse-crisis-new-york-stat 2012/5/1 visited 네이버 블로그 http://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=muzediet&logNo=80117683874&categ oryNo=11&viewDate=¤tPage=1&listtype=0 2012/5/1 visited Flickr EuroMagic http://www.flickr.com/photos/euromagic/2351628831/ 2012/1/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Kennyall http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dust-mite-allergy.png 2012/1/13 visited Quanti di voi hanno problemi di umidità http://www.angolodonne.it/4314/quanti-di-voi-hanno-problemi-di-umidita/ 2012/5/28 visited 71 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Mankato Free Press Minnesota has always been a small town state - Bluestem Prairie http://www.bluestemprairie.com/bluestemprairie/2011/05/mankato-free-pressminnesota-has-always-been-a-small-town-state.html 2012/5/28 visited This work is from Public Opinion, Polls and Discussion on SodaHead, http://www.sodahead.com/living/poison-ivyoak-orsumac-have-you-ever-gotten-it-on-your-skin-whats-the-best-method-of-remedyreli/question-2367765/?slide=2, and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •terms of use •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. Ranking de ¿Cual Es Tu Mayor Temor - Listas en 20minutos.es http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/cual-es-tu-mayor-temor-129095/ 2012/11/1 visited Wikipedia Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility, Dartmouth College http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Misc_pollen.jpg 2012/1/13 visited Allergy natural treatment | Butterbur , by Société & Vous - Santé http://fr.wikinoticia.com/style%20de%20vie/beaut%C3%A9/81845-allergy-naturaltreatment--butterbur 2012/5/1 visited 72 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source biology111S22011 http://biology111s22011.wikispaces.com/Alyse+Reimer 2012/5/3 visited Wikipedia Hmwith http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plastic_oxygen_mask_on_an_ER_patient.jpg 2012/1/13 visited This work is from Diseases and Conditions - A Usermeds.com, http://www.usermeds.com/medications/clarinex, and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. Flickr ZenBenjamin http://www.flickr.com/photos/zenbenjamin/4948476952/ 2012/1/13 visited Flickr outtacontext http://www.flickr.com/photos/outtacontext/4466911397/ 2012/1/13 visited 73 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source This work is from Modern Medical Guide, http://www.modernmedicalguide.com/antihistamines/, used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. Flickr HeatherMG http://www.flickr.com/photos/heathermg/2469329149/ 2012/1/13 visited This work is from Pharmaceuticals Drugs,Multimineral Supplement Manufacturers,Antibacterial Drugs Suppliers, http://www.whizlaboratories.com/antihistamine-drugs.htm, and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. Bukisa - Share your Knowledge http://www.bukisa.com/articles/340089_the-scariest-biological-weapons 2012/5/3 visited Wikimedia Commons CDC/James Hicks http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Child_with_Smallpox_Bangladesh.jpg 2012/1/13 visited 74 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Wikipedia: Author Unknown http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Jenner.jpg 2012/1/13 visited Milkmaids and Cowpox. This work is from The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/milkmaids-and-cowpox, and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act. Jorge Juan Lozano Cámara http://www.claseshistoria.com/revolucionindustrial/revoluciondemograficavacuna.ht m 2012/1/13 visited Wikispaces Alicia M. http://khsenglish9.wikispaces.com/Alicia+M. 2012/1/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Content Providers(s): CDC http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polio_sequelle.jpg 2012/11/1 visited 75 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Wikimedia Commons Opabinia regalis http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mouse-cholera-antibody1f4x.png 2012/4/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Fvasconcellos 19:03, 6 May 2007 (UTC) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antibody.svg 2012/4/13 visited University of California, Davis. Larry N. Vanderhoef Flickr Microbe World http://www.flickr.com/photos/microbeworld/6055678631/ 2011/12/31 visited 76 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Best Compounding Pharmacy Halsted Healthmart HIV Drug Therapy and Treatment Options http://bestcompoundingpharmacyfreedelivery.com/2012/03/15/20120425.aspx 2012/5/28 visited Wikimedia Commons GrahamColm http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phage.png 2011/12/31 visited Wikimedia Commons Gleiberg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LMoV-Kapsid.jpg 2011/12/31 visited Wikipedia National Cancer Institute http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adenovirus.jpg 2011/12/31 visited Flickr Microbe World http://www.flickr.com/photos/microbeworld/6217704321/ 2011/12/31 visited 77 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Wikimedia Commons Daniel Beyer http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hiv_gross_german.png 2012/5/29 visited This work is from Finches in Life Book, Life9e-Figure-42.2. and used subject to the fair use doctrine of: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act This work is from MedlinePlus + http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kaposissarcoma.html and used subject to the fair use doctrine of: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act Wikipedia: Author Unknown http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kaposi's_Sarcoma.jpg 2011/12/28 visited Case study in dentistry – Lines http://lines.thecafesociety.org/lines/case-study-in-dentistry/ 2012/5/29 visited 78 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Wikimedia Commons M. Sand, D. Sand, C. Thrandorf, V. Paech, P. Altmeyer, F. G. Bechara http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaposis_sarcoma_01.jpg?uselang=zh-tw 2011/12/31 visited Wikimedia Commons McLeod http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Brachial_Kaposi's_sarcoma.jp g&oldid=43363704 2011/12/31 visited Journal - Journal on open sea and coastal kayak paddling http://onkayaks.squarespace.com/journal/2006/8/3/wednesday-august-2nd-2006-themuse-gets-home.html 2012/5/29 visited Listas creadas por los usuarios de 20minutos.es http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/las-100-mejores-estrellas-de-la-historia-del-cine67202/ 2012/5/29 visited This work is from Rock Hudson - History Commons + http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=rock_hudson_1 and used subject to the fair use doctrine of: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act 79 Copyright Declaration Work License Author/Source Wikipedia User:AirBa http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV_AIDS_Trend_in_Taiwan.svg 2012/1/13 visited This work is from Michigan Department of Community Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Section; reported cases as of July 1, 2006, http://www.kalcounty.com/hcs/hivaids.htm, and used subject to the fair use doctrine of: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act Wikipedia Homer slips. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV_Prevalence__Adult_by_Country.png 2012/1/13 visited Page1. – 80. This work is from Outsource PowerPoint Template Free Powerpoint Templates+ http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/outsource-powerpoint-template/ GET uses this work subject to fair use doctrine for educational purpose only in based on its ABOUT: http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/ and Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act. 80