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Accessibility Testing
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Web Standards
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Accessibility Testing Tools
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Design & Production Process
Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc.
Accessibility Testing
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Universal Accessibility
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supports all people
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supports all technology
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generally makes site better for all
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relationship to usability
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avoid a separate “text-only” version
“Web for Everyone.
Web on Everything.”
- www.w3.org/Consortium/mission
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Accessibility Testing
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Valid Code
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HTML & XHTML Validation http://validator.w3.org/
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CSS Validation http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/
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Accessibility Testing
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Web Standards Advocates
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W3C
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http://www.w3.org/
Web Standards Project
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http://www.webstandards.org/
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility in law and policy
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Federal
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Americans with Disability Act
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Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
State (of Texas)
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Texas Administrative Code
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Chapter 206 State Web Sites
House Bill 2819
Organization
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University of Texas at Austin Policy
www.utexas.edu/web/guidelines/accessibility.html
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Accessibility Testing
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Target & Accessibility
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Disability class action lawsuit against Target by National
Federation of the Blind
Charges: www.target.com is inaccessible to the blind violates
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the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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the California Unruh Civil Rights Act
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California Disabled Persons Act.
Target asked court to dismiss action
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arguing no law requires Target to make website
accessible.
September 6, 2006 Court Ruling – Case Will Be Heard
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all services provided by Target, including its Web site, must
be accessible to the disabled
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Standards
Two sets of Standards:
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Section 508 Standards (United States)
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, WCAG
1.0 (international)
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Accessibility Testing
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Section 508
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Requires Federal Agencies to make information
technology accessible
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16 objective measurable standards for web
accessibility
Many non-federal organizations are adopting Section
508 as their own standard.
Effective date: June 21, 2001
www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm
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Accessibility Testing
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Brief Look at WCAG
www.w3.org/wai
Developed by consensual process
– Comprehensive: Includes over 60 checkpoints
– Widely accepted: European Union, Canada,
Australia have adopted WCAG.
Published in May 1999 (old and about to be replaced by
2.0 anticipated soon)
Priority 1: Critical
Priority 2: Moderately important
Priority 3: Useful but not essential
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Accessibility Testing
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Brief Look at Section 508
www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm
Legally applies only to federal agencies:
– Shorter: 508 has 16 checkpoints, WCAG over 60
– Experience: 508 based on WCAG’s most critical
accessibility checkpoints.
– Measurable: 508 standards developed to be
objective and measurable.
Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc.
Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Testing
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Code Validators – XHTML & CSS
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Accessibility Validators – Page by Page
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Listening to Your Pages
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Screenreaders/Talking Browsers
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Accessibility Reports
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Practical Testing Plan
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Validators - Page by Page
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WebXact
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The Wave
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Web Developer for Firefox (extension)
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Accessibility Toolbar for IE
Accessibility Testing Requires the Human Brain
Approximately 27% of Accessibility Issues can be tested automated
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Validators - Page by Page
Tool
WebXact
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*New tool from the folks at Watchfire
(replaces bobby)
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Doesn’t have visual info you used to
get from Bobby
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Excellent resource
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Wave
Good for seeing “reading order” & alt
text
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Report not as intuitive
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Doesn’t explain how to solve problems
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Great tool that combines many
accessibility validators and simulations
Accessibility Toolbar
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Web Developer Toolbar
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Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc.
Fantastic tool that combines many
accessibility tools
Only available on PC/IE
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Only available in Firefox
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Accessibility Testing
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Evaluation of Free Accessibility Tools
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www.webaim.org/techniques/articles/freetools/
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Accessibility Testing
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Testing a Site
http://www.geocaching.com
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WebXact – webxact.watchfire.com
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The Wave - www.wave.webaim.org
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Web Developer Toolbar for Firefox
https://addons.mozilla.org/extensions/moreinfo.php?id=60
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Accessibility Toolbar for IE
http://www.nils.org.au/ais/web/resources/toolbar/
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Accessibility Testing
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Testing Your Site(s) - Running Reports
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What site(s) do you need to test
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_______________________
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_______________________
Open a browser and run the home page of your
site(s) thru
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webxact.watchfire.com
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http://validator.w3.org/
Internet connection here can get busy. We will run these reports now and then come
back and review them later in class.
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Testing - Listening
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Accessibility Testing
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Listening to your pages
The real test – can users with disabilities actually use
your site?
Two examples of assistive technology
•JAWS by Freedom Scientific – popular screen reading software. Uses internal
speech synthesizer and computer’s sound card to read info from computer screen
aloud. www.freedomscientific.com
•Home Page Reader by IBM – a web access tool for blind and low vision users.
www.ibm.com/able/
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Accessibility Testing
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Demo of Home Page Reader
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Home Page Reader – a talking browser
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Listen to UT Home Page
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Link Lists
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Skip to Main
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Accessibility Testing
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Demo of JAWS
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JAWS – a true screenreader for PCs
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reads IE, Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Desktop…
Listen to UT Home Page
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Links on page
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Link Lists – alpha and page order
Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc.
Accessibility Testing
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Hands On Exercise
Listening to a Web page
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Assistive Technology Demonstration
Handout
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Listen to the Knowbility Site using JAWS
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Listen to your site using JAWS
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Accessibility Testing
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Basic JAWS Keystrokes
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Shut-up!: Control key (Escape also works.)
Return to top of page: Control+Home
Open a location: Control+O, type URL, press Enter
Hear whole page, press Say-All (Insert+down-arrow)
Move link to link: press tab (shift+tab to go back)
Headings List: Insert+F6
Link List: Insert+F7
Forms: use tab to move through form. JAWS will speak the type of
control (Edit=input field; radio button=radio button, checkbox=checkbox,
button=button, combo box=pull down list), report its status (for radio
buttons and checkboxes).
When you reach a control you want to change, press Enter. JAWS will
say “Forms mode on.” You can then:
Enter text in an input field
Press the spacebar to check a checkbox or select a radio button
If JAWS says “combo box”: press Alt+down arrow to “open” the combo
box, then use the arrow keys to move through the options
Press tab to go to the next control
Press Shift+tab to move backwards
Press Enter to Submit a form or activate another button
Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc.
Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Reports
Site Wide Testing Tools
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LIFT
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WebXM
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Accessibility Testing
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LIFT Machine
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Tests entire sites for accessibility
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Builds accessibility reports
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Results by checkpoints
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Checkpoints expanded
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Testing
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Accessibility Testing
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A Practical Testing Plan
Test with your browser
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Turn off images, Don’t use the mouse, Turn off your speakers,
Increase font size, Change window size.
Testing with Toolbars
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Turn off CSS, Turn off Javascript, Set to Greyscale, Display
Structure (Headings, Lists…)
Run online Accessibility Tests on representative pages
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use more than one tool, example: WebXact & Wave
Listen to your pages
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JAWS or HomePage Reader
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If you have access, Run a LIFT Report
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Hands on Accessibility Testing with Users who have disabilities
Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc.
Accessibility Testing
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Hands On Exercise
Testing Tools
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Apply the practical testing plan on the previous page to
your web site starting with your home page.
Open excel to keep track of the issues you find.
Create a columns for the following:
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Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc.
URL
Problem
Line number(s)
Solution
Comments
Priority
As time permits, select another representative page of your
site and continue testing.
Send the excel spreadsheet to yourself in an email
Accessibility Testing
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Design Process & Production
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Accessibility Testing
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Design Process
www.utexas.edu/learn/designprocess/
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Accessibility Testing
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Accomplishments & Next Steps
What have you learned today?
Accessibility Testing Tools
Practical Testing Plan
Design Process
Next Steps
What accessibility actions do you plan to take next?
What do you need now?
Copyright © 2006 Knowbility, Inc.
Accessibility Testing