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Antioxidant responses during fusarium infection: the sampling and the first results Gallé Ágnes Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat and has worldwide distribution, which results in yield loss and mycotoxin contamination of grain when the disease is caused by a mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species. Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the Fusarium species that most commonly cause FHB of wheat and both can produce trichothecene mycotoxins, predominantly deoxynivalenol (DON, also known as vomitoxin) (Parry et al. 1995). The fungus produces trichothecene mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Effect: • livestock feed refusal • depression of the immune system • nausea and vomiting in humans (Hall and Van Sanford, 2003) Resistance to FHB is very complex and is considered to be quantitatively governed by numerous resistance genes located on different chromosomes. At least 18 of the 21 wheat chromosomes have been reported to be associated with resistance. The components of the defense reactions have been extensively investigated with both protein and transcript profiling. Some gene families which were induced during Fusarium infection (microarray): Saber et al 2007 wheat spikelets infected with F. graminearum Some gene families which were induced during Fusarium infection (differential display RT-PCR): Ansari et al 2007 Some protein families (examples) which were induced during Fusarium infection (2-dimensional displays of proteins): Zhou et al 2005 • Proteins with an antioxidant function: superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) • A 14-3-3 protein homolog was also upregulated • PR-2 protein (β-1, 3 glucanase) was upregulated in FHB-infected spikes Expression of proteins with highest similarity to dehydroascorbate reductase and TaGSTF5 (a glutathione S-transferase) differed following FHB infection in susceptible and resistant cultivars. SOD, KAT, GR, POD and GST activity determination wheat spikelets infected with F. graminearum Plant material GK Mini Manó/Nobeokabozu genetic mapping population (Prof. Mesterházy Ákos ) GK Mini Manó Nobeokabozu: FHB resistant line Arthur 71 / Sava // Rusalka / NS 171.2 /3/ F 30.74 Resistant line to e.g. leaf rust A recombinant line from China: ‘WSY’, Wangshubai/Sumai3/Yangangfanzhou Gathering wheat ears and flag leaves 17. 06. 2010. Kecskéstelep, Cereal Research Nonprofit Kht. GK Mini Manó/Nobeokabozu wheat population (Prof. Mesterházy Ákos ) SOD activity (U mg-1 total protein) SOD activity 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ↓Mn resistent ↑ Mn resistent ↓ Mn sensitive ↑ Mn sensitive KAT activity (U mg-1 total protein) KAT activity 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 ↓Mn resistent ↑ Mn resistent ↓ Mn sensitive ↑ Mn sensitive GR activity (U mg-1 total protein) GR activity 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 ↓Mn resistent ↑ Mn resistent ↓ Mn sensitive ↑ Mn sensitive Guaiacol peroxidase activity (Class III peroxidase) POD activity (U mg-1 total protein) POD activity 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0,000 ↓Mn resistent ↑ Mn resistent ↓ Mn sensitive ↑ Mn sensitive Thank you for your attention!