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Chapter 1
Self, Family, and Community
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Overview
 Public
Health vs Community Health vs
Individual Health
 What agencies are charged with public
health (WHO, CDC, and DHHS)
 Explain how factors such as family health
history or genetics can influence a person’s
patterns of health and illness.
 Discuss helpful strategies for health-related
behavior change.
 Assessing and setting goals
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Health and Wellness
 Health
is defined by World Health
Organization as state of complete physical,
mental, social and spiritual well-being, not just
the absence of disease.
 Wellness
is defined as the process of actually
changing or adopting a new behavior that
lead to better health and greater life
satisfaction.
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Individual Health vs Public Health
• Individual Health – is just like it sounds. This focuses on
the person and what their genetic disposition and
behaviors that influence their health.
• Public Health looks at the entire community. Charged to
monitor public health are agencies like the health
department and Center for Disease Control.
• So what do you think public health entails?
• Turn to the person next to you and come up with one
example. Are your examples in this video?
• https://youtu.be/Bpu42LmLo4U
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Self and Community
 Public
health is a discipline that focuses on
the health of populations of people, rather
than individuals
 Health promotion
 Disease prevention
 Community
health aims to improve the
health of those people within a defined
community
 Public health officials need to understand
demographics
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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Kern County Health Where Do You
Think We Rank?
How
healthy do you think Kern is
compared to other counties in
California?
If
you had to guess, what do you think
our major health concerns.
Let’s
look.
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Individual Health and Wellness
 Take
this assessment home with you and/it
is posted on-line. Spend some time on it
and figure what area would you like to
address if any.
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Dimensions of Wellness
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The Ecological Model of Health
and Wellness
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DNA and Genes:
The Basis of Heredity
 The
nucleus of every human cell contains an entire
set of genetic instructions stored in our DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
 DNA
has four building blocks that can be arranged to
form a distinct message (gene) that acts as the
body’s instruction booklet
 A person’s
genome is his/her complete set
of DNA
 Within
the cell’s nucleus, DNA is divided into 23 pairs
of chromosomes (one set of each pair comes from
each parent)
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DNA and Genes:
The Basis of Heredity
 Most
cells become specialized, taking on
characteristic shapes or functions
• Skin, bone, nerve, muscle
• Process is called differentiation
 Stem
•
•
cells are unspecialized cells
Stem cells present in an embryo
Adult stem cells retained within tissues
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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Chromosomes, Genes,
and DNA
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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Genetic Inheritance
 A change
in a gene is called a mutation
 Alternate
forms of the same gene are called
alleles
 Some
mutations are harmful, some
mutations can be beneficial, and some have
no effect
 Mutations
allow for human diversity
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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Genetic Inheritance
 The
alternate forms of genes called alleles
are responsible for traits such as eye color
 Alleles
can be dominant or recessive
 Most
characteristics (such as height or skin
color) are determined by the interaction of
multiple genes at multiple sites on different
chromosomes
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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Dominant and Recessive
Alleles
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/inheritance/observable/
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Genetic Inheritance
 Conditions
caused by interactions among
one or more genes and the environment are
called multifactorial disorders
 Account for the majority of illnesses and
death in the developed world
 Heart disease is one example of a
multifactorial disease
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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Creating a
Family Health Tree
 Also
called a genogram or genetic pedigree
 Visual
representation of your family’s genetic
history
 Illustrates
the patterns of health and illness
within a family
 Pinpoints
areas of special concern or risk
for you
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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Contributions of the Environment
and Genetics
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A Family Health Tree
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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What Can You Learn From Your Health
Tree?
 An
early onset of disease is more likely to
have a genetic component
 The
appearance of a disease in multiple
individuals on the same side of the family
is more likely to have a genetic correlation
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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Health-Related Behavior Choices
 Health-related
behavior choices are the actions you
take and decisions you make that affect your health
 Physical choices
 Mental choices
 Emotional choices
 Spiritual choices
 Social well-being choices
 Psychologists
have proposed the “Stages of Change”
model for why people don’t make choices that enhance
their health
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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The Health Belief Model
 Health
behaviors are influenced by:
 Perceived susceptibility (risk of a problem)
 Perceived seriousness of consequences
 Perceived benefits of specific action
 Perceived barriers to taking action
 All
these considerations enter into your
decision-making process when making
health-related behavior change decisions
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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The Stages of Change Model
 The
Stages of Change Model takes into account
thinking, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and
many other factors
 Change
is a process that includes:
 Precontemplation
 Contemplation
 Preparation
 Action
 Maintenance
 Termination
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The Stages of Change Model
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What are your health goals

Let’s review homework that you can start to work on in class.

I want you to put this in a folder to keep for later.

Each chapter I will be passing out profile sheets for you to
reflex on and assess behaviors.
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Creating a Behavior Change Plan
 Accept
responsibility for your own health and make a
commitment to change
 To
do this:
 Set SMART goals
 Develop action steps
 Identify benefits
 Identify positive enablers
 Sign a behavior change contract
 Create benchmarks
 Assess accomplishments and revise, if necessary
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Being an Informed Consumer of Health
Information
 Developing
health literacy
 Ability to read, understand, and act on health
information
 As many as eighty million American adults have
limited health literacy skills
 Health risk: probability of exposure to a hazard that
can result in negative consequences
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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Culture, Ethnicity,
and Race
 Three
primary dimensions of diversity impact groups
of people
 Culture: shared pattern of values, beliefs,
language, and customs within a group
 Ethnicity: sense of identity individuals draw from a
common ancestry, national, religious, tribal,
language, or cultural origin
 Race: describes ethnic groups based on personal
characteristics, such as skin color or facial features
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Looking Ahead
 While
reading each chapter of this text:
 Reflect on your current level of health in that
area
 Know your predispositions based upon family
history
 Assess your readiness to change any harmful
behaviors, and develop a behavior change plan
 Think about the influences that shape your
decisions
 Share health information with family members
and friends