Download NOTES: The structure of an atom

The Structure of Atoms
Vocabulary
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Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Electron cloud
Atomic number
Isotope
ion
Key questions
1. Where are protons, neutrons, and
electrons located in an atom?
2. How is the atomic number related to
the number of protons in an atom?
The Parts Of An Atom
-It is the number of smaller particles in an
atom that makes each element different.
-The nucleus is the center part of an atom.
-The nucleus contains all of the protons and
neutrons of an atom.
-A proton is a particle which has a positive
charge.
-A neutron is a particle with no charge.
-Electrons are found outside of the nucleus
and are particles with a negative charge.
-electrons are so small and fast that scientists
can’t tell exactly where they are at any one
time.
-the electron cloud is the region around the
nucleus where electrons are found
Electrons closer to the nucleus have less
energy
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- Atoms are about 100 million times smaller
than an average orange!
Draw and label the parts of an atom :
Explain where you find the electrons,
neutrons and protons in an atom.
Ions and Isotopes
An isotope is an atom of an element
which has the same number of protons
but a different number of neutrons
Example: Boron-10 and Boron-11, in
this case the numbers tell how many
neutrons are in each of the atoms.
Ion
An ion is an atom with a charge.
It becomes charged when it loses or
gains an electron.
An atom with an extra electron has a
negative charge.
An atom which has lost an electron has
a positive charge.