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Lobes of the
Brain
Left and Right
Brain
Structures in the
Brain
Vocab
& More..
LET’S GET READY TO STUDY
The Neuron
Genetics
The Endocrine
System
Nervous
System
Messages
Go in here
Messages
Go out
here
Click the
Yellow
dots
= where neurotransmitters can be affected
Axon Terminal
Synaptic
Vessicles
Neurotransmitter
Receptor Sites
Dendrite
Melatonin—
Wake/Sleep
Parathormone—
Calcium
and phosphate in
blood
Vasopresin—Blood pressure
Oxytosin—Contractions
Responsible for growth
Thyroxin--Metabolism
Insulin/Glucagon—blood
sugar levels
Endorphins--Stress
See if you can remember which glands are which—
Take a guess,
the box to see if you’re right—
Estrogen—Sexual
desireclick
and on
development
then wait 5 seconds and be reminded of its hormone
and purpose
Androgen—Sexual
desire and development
Click on the lobes to learn what each does
Click here to see another diagram of the lobes
FRONTAL LOBE:
Most anterior, right under the forehead.
Functions:
•How we know what we are doing within our environment (Consciousness).
• How we initiate activity in response to our environment.
•Judgments we make about what occurs in our daily activities.
•Controls our emotional response.
•Controls our expressive language.
•Assigns meaning to the words we choose. Involves word associations.
•Memory for habits and motor activities.
Observed Problems:
•Loss of simple movement of various body parts (Paralysis).
•Inability to plan a sequence of complex movements needed to complete multi-stepped tasks,
such as making coffee (Sequencing).
•Loss of spontaneity in interacting with others.
•Loss of flexibility in thinking.
•Persistence of a single thought (Perseveration).
•Inability to focus on task (Attending). Mood changes (Emotionally Labile).
•Changes in social behavior.
•Changes in personality.
•Difficulty with problem solving.
•Inablility to express language (Broca's Aphasia).
Back to lobes
PARIETAL LOBE
near the back and top of the head.
Functions:
•Location for visual attention.
•Location for touch perception.
•Goal directed voluntary movements.
•Manipulation of objects.
•Integration of different senses that allows for understanding a single concept.
Observed Problems:
•Inability to attend to more than one object at a time.
•Inability to name an object (Anomia).
•Inability to locate the words for writing (Agraphia).
•Problems with reading (Alexia). Difficulty with drawing objects.
•Difficulty in distinguishing left from right.
•Difficulty with doing mathematics (Dyscalculia).
•Lack of awareness of certain body parts and/or surrounding space (Apraxia)
that leads to difficulties in self-care.
•Inability to focus visual attention.
•Difficulties with eye and hand coordination.
Back to lobes
OCCIPITAL LOBE
Most posterior, at the back of the head.
Functions:
•Vision
Observed Problems:
Defects in vision (Visual Field Cuts).
Difficulty with locating objects in environment.
Difficulty with identifying colors (Color Agnosia).
Production of hallucinations Visual illusions - inaccurately seeing objects.
Word blindness - inability to recognize words.
Difficulty in recognizing drawn objects.
Inability to recognize the movement of an object (Movement Agnosia).
Difficulties with reading and writing.
Back to lobes
TEMPORAL LOBE
Side of head above ears.
Functions:
Hearing ability
Memory aquisition
Some visual perceptions
Catagorization of objects.
Observed Problems:
Difficulty in recognizing faces (Prosopagnosia).
Difficulty in understanding spoken words (Wernicke's Aphasia).
Disturbance with selective attention to what we see and hear.
Difficulty with identification of, and verbalization about objects.
Short-term memory loss.
Interference with long-term memory Increased or decreased interest in
sexual behavior.
Inability to catagorize objects (Catagorization).
Right lobe damage can cause persistant talking.
Increased aggressive behavior.
Back to lobes
Go to next slide to see if you can
remember what each structure does
Thalamus
Major relay center, regulates higher brain center
Hypothalamus
Motivation, emotion, stress reactions
Hippocampus
Form new memories
Amygdala
Form new memories
Pons
Regulation of sleep-wake cycle
Medula
Sensory and motor nerves crossover
Pituitary
Gland controlling blood pressure and growth
Cerebral Cortex
The outer surface, regulates most complex behaviors
Corpus Collossum Connects the left and right cerebral cortexes
Cerebellum
Reflexes, balance and coordinates movement
Click on a Lobe
•The Human DNA consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes
•Each chromosome consists of genes that control the transmission of traits.
•Genes can be Dominant or Recessive.
•The only way for a recessive gene to present itself is to be paired with another
recessive gene.
Studying Animals and Genes
Strain studies involve inbreeding to create a strain of animal very closely related
genetically. They are then compared to other strains to track the effects of genes
Selection studies estimate the heritability of a trait by breeding animals with
others who have the same trait.
Studying Humans and Genes
Family Studies—studies family genetics and occurance of traits
Twin Studies—studies the influence of heredity on genetic copies
Adoption Studies—studies the nature vs. nurture debate
What is the probability of producing an offspring with
BROWN eyes?
What is the probability of producing an offspring with
BLUE eyes?
Sympathetic:
Branch of the autonomic nervous system which
prepares the body for quick action in an emergency
Parasympathetic:
Branch of the autonomic nervous system which calms
and relaxes the body
Endocrine:
Gland system in the body that release hormones into
the bloodstream
Somatic Nervous System: Peripheral nervous system that carries messages from
the senses to the central nervous system and to the
skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System: Peripheral nervous system that carries messages
from central nervous system to the internal organs.
MAKE SURE YOU COMPLETE YOUR BRAIN CAP
FOR THE TEST
AND
BRING IT ON TEST DAY!!!
Click here for the Prentice Hall link
to Chapter 2 information
http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_ph_intropsych_1/0,1283
1,3898128-content,oo.utf8.html
STUDY
ADDITIONAL VIEWING MATERIAL:
Alcoholism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_51H_TfhCjU
Autonomic n. s.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFYRosjcVuU
Brain and synapses
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UukcdU258A
Left/right brain
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxSmOOaXrHk
Endocrine
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_Z1zsR9lFM
Go back to main menu to continue to review Chapter 2