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Common Substances Essential to Living Things What do we need to survive? Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are the most common elements in living things These three elements make up sugars, oils, fats, waxes, starches and proteins Since all of the above compounds contain carbon – Organic Compounds If a substance doesn’t contain carbon, then it is called an Inorganic Compound Organic or Inorganic??? Limestone? Distilled water? Hydrochloric acid? Vitamin C? Fat? ASA? Sugar? Urea? Silver Nitrate? Baking Soda? Bleach? Organic or Inorganic??? Limestone – CaCO3 Distilled water – H20 Hydrochloric acid – HCl Vitamin C – C6H8O6 ASA – CH3COOC6H4COOH Sugar – C6H12O6 Urea – NH2CONH2 Silver Nitrate – AgNO3 Baking Soda – NaHCO3 Bleach – NaOCl ORGANIC INORGANIC INORGANIC ORGANIC ORGANIC ORGANIC ORGANIC INORGANIC ORGANIC INORGANIC Macronutrients Micronutrients Needed in large amounts for survival “Macro-” means large or large-scale Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur are all macronutrients in plants Needed in minor or trace amounts for survival “Micro-” means small or small-scale Zinc, iron, cadmium, selenium and others are micronutrients Optimum Amounts All nutrients (macronutrients or micronutrients) have an optimum amount of which to ingest for best health Example – Selenium – need for 70 μg (micrograms) for best health Carbohydrates Made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms These molecules can form sugars and starches Glucose is the simplest carbohydrate and is produced by plants during photosynthesis Sources of Carbohydrates Lipids Made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms Waxes, oils and fats belong to this group of organic molecules Plant products contain a large amount of oil (canola seeds, corn, peanuts, soybeans, walnuts and cashews) Examples of Lipids Amino Acids Amino acids join together to form proteins has a central carbon atom surrounded by the following elements: hydrogen, oxygen, other carbons, nitrogen or sulfur Used in growth and repair, as a source of energy and they make up enzymes Sources of Amino Acids Nucleic Acids Made up of phosphates, simple sugars (called ribose) and nitrogen-containing molecules All cells contain two nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acids) RNA (ribonucleic acids) Plays a major role in heredity and in controlling a cell’s activities Nucleic Acids