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Because of evolution there is great diversity of life! Scientists need to organize over 2 million organisms! Classification Classification: grouping organisms based on common ancestors and characteristics. What are some common characteristics you can think of? Development of Classification At first… Classified organisms as either plants (plantae) or animals (animalia) Is every living thing a plant or animal? Carolus Linneas Hierarchical system = classifies in levels **On the EOC you may see this attributed to Aristotle** Kingdom < most general Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species < most specific Carolus Linneas Binomial nomenclature = naming organism types with two names Genus: Second smallest level Species: Smallest level Homo sapiens Genus species Systems of Classification What organism do you think this is based on the binomial (species name)? Canis familiaris dog What organism do you think this is based on the binomial (species name)? Felis domesticus cat What organism do you think this is based on the binomial (species name)? Homo sapiens Humans! Modern Classification Uses evolution! Scientists use the following criteria to classify organisms: Structural similarities: similar fossils Biochemical analysis: DNA, proteins and amino acids Embryology: similar embryos Think: What is classification? What were the 2 kingdoms at first? What is the most GENERAL level? What is the most SPECIFIC level? Phylogenetic trees Phylogenic trees show what traits species have You can use them to: 1. Find which organisms are most primitive. 2. Find which organisms are most closely related Primitive: Primitive = old, simple The most primitive species are at the bottom (left) The most recent species are at the top (right) Most primitive Most recent Closely related: Organisms have the traits that come before them ex. Perch has jaws Species are closely related if they branch off close together Think: In the cladogram, what species is most primitive? In the cladogram, what species is least primitive? What traits does the lizard have? What traits does the salamander have? What is the chimp most closely related to? Is the lizard more closely related to the salamander or the perch?