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Molecules of Life Water • The human body is mostly water – Lean muscle: ____ water – Blood: ____ water – Body fat: ___ water – Bone: ___ water • All living organisms require water to live Properties of Water • Water is a ________ _________ – Each atom has a partial charge – Molecule has zero net charge • Polar molecules have special properties – ___________ – Bond with each other (___________) – Take longer to heat and cool δ- O H δ+ H δ+ Water Trivia • What occupies more volume – 8 oz of water at room temperature, or 8 oz of water at -10 F? • Answer: ____________, because ______________ _________________________________________ Properties of Water • Water molecules are attracted to molecules of solid surfaces (___________) • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _(capillary action) Carbon • A carbon atom has _____________________ – wants to make 4 bonds to be stable • Carbon can bond with itself and many other elements • Because it’s so friendly, _____________ __________________________ Organic Molecules • ___________________________________________ _________ organic molecule !! Except CO2 !! • Most organic molecules are arranged like chains – Each link is a __________ – A chain is a _________ – A large molecule made of a long chain or chains is a ____________________ Types of Organic Molecules • • • • Carbohydrates • Molecules used for energy, __________________ – Monosaccharide: a simple sugar (glucose, fructose, galactose) – Disaccharide: _______________________ bound together (sucrose aka table sugar) – Polysaccharide: 3 or more monosaccharides (___________ hundreds of glucose molecules bonded together) Lipids • Fatty compounds made of C H O, ____________________ (hydrophobic) – ________________ are composed two lipid layers, which keep water from crossing into or out of the cell randomly • Lipids are polymers made up of fatty acid monomers – Fatty acids have __________________________ Polar (Yay water!) Non polar (Boo water!) Lipid Trivia • Why do polar molecules like to interact with water, and non polar ones don’t? • Answer: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Lipid Layers • Lipids in water will arrange themselves to __________________________________ __________________________________ • Cell membranes are composed of a ___________________ Other Lipids • • • Nucleic Acids • The genetic material in any cell – __________________________ (DNA) and ___________________________ (RNA) – Polymer chains composed of a combination of 5 different monomers Nucleic Acids • _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ – Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (DNA only), Uracil (RNA only) – Bond in specific pairs – __________________________ – __________________________ • Nucleic acid polymers are millions of monomers long, _________ ______________________ • Helix unwinds during replication (copying) DNA Trivia • The DNA from a single human cell has a length of ~ 5.9 feet. • The biggest cells are less than 0.1 inches across • How can so much DNA fit in a cell? • Answer: __________________________________ __________________________________ Proteins • Structural building blocks of cells in all tissues (not just muscle!) • Polymers composed of 300 – 100k+ monomers • Monomers are called ______________________ • There are 20 amino acids, many of which must come from your diet Protein Structure • Primary structure – • Secondary structure – Protein Structure • Tertiary structure – • Quaternary Structure – Proteins in your body 1. 2. 3. 4.