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Antacids Acid Base Chemistry • http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/drugba nk/ Description:The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics • http://www.rxlist.com/script/main/hp.asp Antacids 12.2 Antacids • State and Explain how excess acidity in the stomach can be reduced by the use of different bases. • Antacids: bases, metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates • Reacts with stomach acid (excess) to adjust the stomach pH to the desired level Purpose of HCl in the stomach • To suppress growth of harmful bacteria • To help in digestion by hydrolyzing proteins to amino acids • Normal pH of stomach acid ~ • 1.2 – 0.3 range, • Stress also produces more acid Role of antacids • Neutralizes the excess acids and relives the discomfort –Excess acid can cause ulcers Examples: Over the Counter • Al(OH)3 Mg(OH)2 CaCO3 • NaHCO3 Alginates • Antacids are combined with Alginates • extracted from brown sea weeds • produces neutralizing layer that prevents acid reflux / acid entering into oesophagus Dimethicone / Antifoaming agent • Are added to antacids to reduce the surface tension of gas bubbles • And produce de-foaming action Silicon Chemistry • The possibilities offered to the formulation chemist by silicone chemistry are endless and yours to explore. Active ingredients of some commercial antacids • Tums: CaCO3 MgCO3 Mg Si3O8 –For the treatment of gastritis and of ulcers • Rolaids : AlNa(OH)2CO3 • Malox : Al(OH)3 Mg(OH)2 • Alka Seltzer : NaHCO3 , citric acid, aspirin Alka Seltzer : NaHCO3 , citric acid, aspirin Active ingredients of some commercial antacids • Milk of Magnesia : Mg(OH)2 or MgO/Mg(OH)2 mixture • Amphogel Al(OH)3 • Di-Gel : CaCO3 Action of Antacids • Mg2Si3O8 • + 4 HCl 3 SiO2(s) 2 H2O (l) + 2 MgCl2(aq) • Write the reactions for rest of the antacids • Alkalosis: high doses of antacids • basic stomach • Other problems: body produces more acids