Download Introduction to Genetic Analysis 9/e

CHAPTER 9
Proteins and Their Synthesis
Copyright 2008 © W H Freeman and Company
CHAPTER OUTLINE
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
Protein structure
Colinearity of gene and protein
The genetic code
tRNA: the adapter
Ribosomes
The proteome
Surface of the ribosome from the bacterium Haloarcula marismortui
Chapter 9 Opener
The binding of a drug molecule to the ribosome prevents translation
Figure 9-1
Protein structure
The peptide bond
Figure 9-2a
The peptide bond
Figure 9-2b
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3a
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3b
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3c
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3d
Colinearity of gene and protein
Gene and protein sequences are colinear
Figure 9-4
The genetic code
Overlapping versus nonoverlapping genetic codes
Figure 9-5
The genetic code
Figure 9-6
tRNA: the adapter
The structure of transfer RNA
Figure 9-7
An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase attaches an amino acid to its tRNA
Figure 9-8
Two superimposed tRNAs
Figure 9-9
Wobble allows one tRNA to recognize two codons
Figure 9-10
Table 9-1
Table 9-2
Ribosomes
Protein and RNA molecules compose the two subunits of a
ribosome
Figure 9-11
rRNA folds up by intramolecular base pairing
Figure 9-12
Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
Figure 9-13
Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
Figure 9-13a
Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
Figure 9-13b
Shine–Dalgarno sequence
Figure 9-14
Translation initiation in prokaryotes
Figure 9-15
Translation initiation in prokaryotes
Figure 9-15 part 1
Translation initiation in prokaryotes
Figure 9-15 part 2
Translation initiation in eukaryotes
Figure 9-16
Translation initiation in eukaryotes
Figure 9-16 part 1
Translation initiation in eukaryotes
Figure 9-16 part 2
Steps in translation elongation
Figure 9-17
Termination of translation
Figure 9-18
A suppressor counteracts the effects of a nonsense mutation
Figure 9-19
The proteome
Alternative splicing produces related but distinct protein isoforms
Figure 9-20
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins
Figure 9-21
All protein interactions in an organism compose the interactome
Figure 9-22
Ubiquitinization targets a protein for degradation
Figure 9-23
Signal sequences target proteins for secretion
Figure 9-24