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1. At times the level of glucose rises above the set point 2. When this happens the pancreases secretes insulin a hormone into the blood. 3. Insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells to store glucose as glycogen. As a result, the blood glucose drops 4. At others times, the glucose level falls below the set point. Mutant gene for appetite Giraffe eating bones to obtain phosphorus Essential Fatty Acids • Unsaturated fatty acids • Example linoleic acid (required for plasma membrane structure) Vitamins • ORGANIC molecules • Water soluble and fat soluble • Example: B, B2, B6, B12, C, Biotin Minerals • INORGANIC nutrients • Need less than 1mg – 2500 mg / day • Example Ca, P, Mg Suspension-feeding Substrate-feeding Fluid-feeding Bulk-feeding Intracellular Digestion Extracellular digestion Various alimentary canals Oral sphincter sphincter ileocecal sphincter anal sphincter Rugae zymogens in the small intestine HCl Pepsinogen pepsin enteropeptidase trypsinogen trypsin trypsin procarboxypeptidase carboxypeptidase trypsin chymotrypsinogen chymotrypsin zymogens must be secreted in an inactive form and then be activated Absorption of nutrients Glucose-facilitated diffusion amino acids-active transport & FD glycerol & fatty acids-diffusion vitamins and minerals-active transport
