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Food Matters – Final Vocabulary Molecules Main Ideas Fun Facts $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 What is an opaque substance? A substance that is cloudy, light does not go through it; it is scattered. What is carbon dioxide? A gaseous molecule that is a product of combustion, a greenhouse gas, and has a concentration of 391 ppm in our atmosphere. What are carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils and water? These are the main components of food. What is grass (cellulose)? Cows can digest this substance (with the help of bacteria) but humans cannot. What is a humectant? An additive that preserves the moisture content of food. What is methane? This greenhouse gas is emitted from bovines as a product of their digestive processes. What are vitamins and essential nutrients? These substances are added to food to prevent diseases. What are artificial food colors? These food additives can change the perceived flavor of food – yet they have no flavor. What is the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)? This organization ensures the safety of food in the United States. What is water? One of the major components of many foods, present in gaseous, liquid and solid forms, ubiquitous, present at 0% to 4% in our atmosphere and essential to life! What are fertilizers? These chemicals are required in farming to ensure that we can produce enough food to feed the 7 billion people on this planet. What is carbon dioxide? This form of carbon is present in the atmosphere. What is soil? The top layer of the regolith that supports the growth of vegetation. What are amino acids? The building blocks of proteins. What are antioxidants? These substances are added to food to increase shelf life by preventing reactions with oxygen. What are microwaves? This type of energy radiant energy is absorbed by water and is often used to cook food. What is a calorie? The unit of energy used to quantify the energy content of food. What is ethylene? This two carbon molecule is chained together to make a very common plastic. It is also used to ripen bananas! What are potential and kinetic energy? These are the main two forms of energy. What are fossil fuels? These types of fuel releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere; freeing carbon that has been sequestered for millions of years.