Download fermentation[1].

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration without oxygen
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Occurs when there is not enough oxygen;
 Pyruvate is degraded without releasing ATP

Pyruvate must be processed to
avoid cell death
Process is called fermentation
 The most common fermentations form either
alcohol or lactic acid

ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
 Glucose
molecules break down
into pyruvic acid
 Ethanol and Carbon dioxide are
produced
 The alcohol may be used for alcoholic
beverages
Using yeast for the fermentation
 The carbon dioxide may be used to
raise Bread Dough or to
Carbonate a beverage
LACTATE FERMENTATION
Cells turn pyruvate into lactate
 Occurs in bacteria that eat milk, to form cheeses
and yoghort, or can make food spoil
 Muscle cells also form lactate during strenuoustype exercise to produce small amounts of
energy

ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCES
Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy
source
 - New simple sugars are used first
 - Next, stored glycogen from the liver (from
past excess carbs) will be processed into glucose.
Alternate forms of energy
Lipids
When carbohydrate reserves run low, the body
will used stored lipid (from adipose tissue)
 - A Lipid enters glycolysis
 - Fatty acids directly enter Krebs cycle
 - Because fatty acids have more C & H atoms,
they produce much more energy than glucose

Alternate forms of energy
Protein
As a last resort, protein will be used for energy
 Amino acids are released by cellular digestion
of muscle tissues
 Amino groups are removed
 The Carbon skeletons are fed into Krebs cycle
for about the same amount of energy as sugars.
