Download Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16

Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
An organism’s traits are its
A.
B.
C.
D.
phenotype.
genotype.
DNA.
all of the above.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
An organism’s traits are its
A.
B.
C.
D.
phenotype.
genotype.
DNA.
all of the above.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What is the function of the proteins known as
histones?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They divide sections of DNA into genes.
They determine where the DNA will unzip for replication.
They are the spools around which the DNA wraps.
They determine how the DNA will be divided into chromosomes.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What is the function of the proteins known as
histones?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They divide sections of DNA into genes.
They determine where the DNA will unzip for replication.
They are the spools around which the DNA wraps.
They determine how the DNA will be divided into chromosomes.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
A pair of matched chromosomes is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
haploid.
homologous.
diploid.
autosomal.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
A pair of matched chromosomes is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
haploid.
homologous.
diploid.
autosomal.
Explanation:
Matched chromosomes are known as homologous chromosomes.
Cells—not chromosomes—can be diploid or haploid. Autosomal
chromosomes are the chromosomes that do not determine sex.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
The “rungs” of a DNA ladder are made of
A.
B.
C.
D.
deoxyribose sugar.
phosphate.
genes.
nitrogenous bases.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
The “rungs” of a DNA ladder are made of
A.
B.
C.
D.
deoxyribose sugar.
phosphate.
genes.
nitrogenous bases.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
During DNA replication,
A.
B.
C.
D.
a new molecule of double-stranded DNA is created that is
identical to the original.
one old strand is used to assemble one new strand.
the A nucleotide matches with the T and the C with the G.
all of the above occur.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
During DNA replication,
A.
B.
C.
D.
a new molecule of double-stranded DNA is created that is
identical to the original.
one old strand is used to assemble one new strand.
the A nucleotide matches with the T and the C with the G.
all of the above occur.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What is a key difference between RNA and DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
RNA lacks a sugar-phosphate backbone.
RNA is single stranded, and DNA is double stranded.
DNA uses the sugar ribose, but RNA uses the sugar deoxyribose.
In RNA, the bases are AGTC, and in DNA the bases are AGUC.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What is a key difference between RNA and DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
RNA lacks a sugar-phosphate backbone.
RNA is single stranded, and DNA is double stranded.
DNA uses the sugar ribose, but RNA uses the sugar deoxyribose.
In RNA, the bases are AGTC, and in DNA the bases are AGUC.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What process uses DNA as a template for building
RNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Replication.
Translation.
Transcription.
Recombination.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What process uses DNA as a template for building
RNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Replication.
Translation.
Transcription.
Recombination.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What occurs after the mRNA molecule has been
transcribed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A cap and a tail are added, and introns are removed.
Introns are removed, and exons are added.
Exons are removed, and a cap and tail are added.
A cap is added, and the tail is removed.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What occurs after the mRNA molecule has been
transcribed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A cap and a tail are added, and introns are removed.
Introns are removed, and exons are added.
Exons are removed, and a cap and tail are added.
A cap is added, and the tail is removed.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
A codon
A.
B.
C.
D.
represents a protein.
contains introns and exons.
stands for one of the amino acids.
is all of the above.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
A codon
A.
B.
C.
D.
represents a protein.
contains introns and exons.
stands for one of the amino acids.
is all of the above.
Explanation:
A codon is formed from a triplet of nucleotides and stands for one of the
twenty amino acids that make up proteins.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
During translation, the mRNA molecule is bound to
a(n)
A.
B.
C.
D.
ribosome.
nucleotide.
codon.
anticodon.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
During translation, the mRNA molecule is bound to
a(n)
A.
B.
C.
D.
ribosome.
nucleotide.
codon.
anticodon.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
A tRNA molecule
A. carries all of the amino acids required to make the protein.
B. includes a ribosome.
C. transfers an amino acid to the protein being assembled.
D. creates a stop codon.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
A tRNA molecule
A. carries all of the amino acids required
to make the protein.
B. includes a ribosome.
C. transfers an amino acid to the
protein being assembled.
D. creates a stop codon.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
During meiosis,
A.
B.
C.
D.
cell division creates haploid cells.
four cells are ultimately created from one.
crossing over occurs.
all of the above occur.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
During meiosis,
A.
B.
C.
D.
cell division creates haploid cells.
four cells are ultimately created from one.
crossing over occurs.
all of the above occur.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What is the purpose of the crossing-over process
in metaphase 1 of meiosis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It ensures that the daughter cells are identical to the parent.
It completes the division of chromosomes into two new cells.
It moves the chromosomes to the poles of the cell.
It contributes to genetic variation among the sex cells.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
What is the purpose of the crossing-over process
in metaphase 1 of meiosis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It ensures that the daughter cells
are identical to the parent.
It completes the division of
chromosomes into two
new cells.
It moves the chromosomes to the
poles of the cell.
It contributes to genetic variation
among the sex cells.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
Before Mendel’s work was recognized, the
dominant theory of inheritance was
A.
B.
C.
D.
blending inheritance.
the principle of segregation.
codominance.
polygenetics.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
Before Mendel’s work was recognized, the
dominant theory of inheritance was
A.
B.
C.
D.
blending inheritance.
the principle of segregation.
codominance.
polygenetics.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
According to Mendel, when you cross a WW
(round pea) plant with a ww (wrinkled pea) plant,
the first-generation offspring will
A.
B.
C.
D.
be a mix of wrinkled to round pea plants at a ratio of 3:1.
be a mix of round to wrinkled pea plants at a ratio of 3:1.
all be round pea plants.
all be wrinkled pea plants.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
According to Mendel, when you cross a WW
(round pea) plant with a ww (wrinkled pea) plant,
the first-generation offspring will
A. be a mix of wrinkled to round
pea plants at a ratio of 3:1.
B. be a mix of round to wrinkled
pea plants at a ratio of 3:1.
C. all be round pea plants.
D. all be wrinkled pea plants.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
An example of incomplete dominance is
A.
B.
C.
D.
a person’s blood type.
pink flowers produced by the mating of a white-flowered plant with
a red-flowered plant.
a cat that is deaf and has white fur and blue eyes.
human height variance.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
An example of incomplete dominance is
A.
B.
C.
D.
a person’s blood type.
pink flowers produced by the mating of a white-flowered
plant with a red-flowered plant.
a cat that is deaf and has white
fur and blue eyes.
human height variance.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
Linked genes are
A.
B.
C.
D.
inherited together more often than expected.
on the same chromosome.
both A and B.
neither A nor B.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
Linked genes are
A.
B.
C.
D.
inherited together more often than expected.
on the same chromosome.
both A and B.
neither A nor B.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
The Human Genome Project demonstrated that
A.
B.
C.
D.
about 2% of the genome is junk DNA.
over 99.9% of base pairs are identical in all humans.
most genes are over 2 million bases long.
humans have about 100,000 genes.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
The Human Genome Project demonstrated that
A.
B.
C.
D.
about 2% of the genome is junk DNA.
over 99.9% of base pairs are identical in all humans.
most genes are over 2 million bases long.
humans have about 100,000 genes.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
Which type of mutation occurs when a nucleotide
is inserted into a protein-coding sequence?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nonsense mutation.
Stop mutation.
Point mutation.
Frameshift mutation.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
Which type of mutation occurs when a nucleotide
is inserted into a protein-coding sequence?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nonsense mutation.
Stop mutation.
Point mutation.
Frameshift mutation.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
Which of the following cancer-related genes act as
recessive genes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tumor suppressor genes.
Oncogenes.
Both A and B.
Neither A nor B.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16
Which of the following cancer-related genes act as
recessive genes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tumor suppressor genes.
Oncogenes.
Both A and B.
Neither A nor B.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley