Download sugar

Biological
Molecules
Revised 8/30/2006
Compounds of Life
Four
Groups
Carbohydrates
 Lipids
 Nucleic Acids
 Proteins

Compounds of Life
Carbohydrates
Lipids/membranes
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
 Sugars
 Fatty
Acids
 Nucleotides
 Amino Acids
Carbohydrates
 Sugars
store energy in chemical
bonds
 Organisms break bonds to
release energy
 Contain C,H and O.
 Ratio 1:2:1.
Monosaccharides
– Plants
Galactose - Milk
Fructose - Fruits
Glucose
Galactose
Glucose Ring
Galactose
Ribose
 Sugar
of RNA
D because the CH2OH
Group is outside the ring
Deoxyribose
 Sugar
of DNA
Carbon to carbon single bond
Monomers have a double bond
The bond breaks and chain is formed
Polymer Examples






Polyethylene plastic bottles, bags and toys
Polypropylene indoor-outdoor carpeting,
molded parts (not heart valves)
Polyvinyl chloride vinyl fences, PVC pipes etc.
Teflon cooking utensil coating, artificial joints
and electrical insulation
Polystyrene toys, Styrofoam and simulated
wood furniture
HOW bout’ that????
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Two D-glucose units
Lipids
 Glycerol
+ 3 Fatty Acids
Saturated Fats
 Single
Bonds on Fatty Acid chain
palmitic acid
 No
double bonds present
 Carbon chain up to 24 in length
 Dietary effect is increase in blood
cholesterol level
Monosaturated Fats
 One
Double Bond on Fatty Acid Chain
Oleic Acid
 Contain
up to 24 carbon atoms
 One double is present in the carbon chain
 Dietary effect is little change in blood
cholesterol level
Polyunsaturated Fats
 Many
Double Bonds on Fatty Acid Chain
Linoleic Acid
 Carbon
chain length up to 24
 2 or more double bonds present
 Dietary effect is decrease in blood
cholesterol level
Phospholipids
Hydrophilic
 polar
(water
loving)
Hydrophobic
 two
non-polar
(water fearing)
Phospholipid Bilayer
Aligned tail to tail.
Hydrophobic region within membrane.
Hydrophilic heads on the inner and outer
surfaces of the membrane.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Genetic Code
3-D Structure
Nucleotide
 Deoxyribose
(sugar)
 Phosphoric Acid
 Nitrogen bases




Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
07_03_RNA _v_DNA.jpg
Size and
Shape
Comparison
of
Proteins
20
Amino
Acids
Amino Acids
Amino Acids
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Negative Charge
Positive Charge
Uncharged Polar
Nonpolar
Peptide Bonds
 Proteins


are formed by peptide bonds
Remove water
Called dehydration
Peptide Bonds