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Benchmark Practice • Catalyst: 1. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 39 K 19 2. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 3 H 1 3. Complete for alpha decay: 210 Po 84 4. Complete for alpha decay: 235 U 92 End Nuclear Chemistry Review and Benchmark Day Today’s Focus Question • How do fossil fuels work? Why is carbon in all living matter? I. Our Friend Carbon • Carbon likes to bond with a lot of atoms. • This is due to its 4 valence electrons • Because of this ability to bond, carbon is essential in all living matter. C II. Our Friend Carbon • Because of carbon’s unique bonding characteristics, this allows it to form repeating structures. • Large biological molecules are just repeating structures of smaller carbon units. What is the structure of biological molecules? I. Amino Acids • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. • Amino acids are connected together to create proteins II. Nucleotides • DNA is made of repeating units of nucleotides. • Because of carbon’s bonding structure, this allows for many nucleotides to be linked together. III. Starch • Starch is a common carbohydrate that is made up of smaller repeating carbon rings • Starch is made of repeating glucose rings Starch Glucose How are fossil fuels connected to biochemistry? I. Hydrocarbons and Fossil Fuels • Fossil fuels are made of carbon and hydrogen. • Hydrocarbon – Any long chained molecule that contains only carbon and hydrogen bonds. II. Energy from Fossil Fuels • The bonds in hydrocarbons have energy • When hydrocarbons are combusted (burned), a large amount of energy is released • This large amount of heat/energy can be used to power cars, factories, etc. 2C8H18 + 25O2 18H2O + 16CO2 + Energy How is nuclear energy? Nuclear Energy • Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions to generate electricity • The energy of the reaction heats water, which turns a turbine, which generates electrical energy. SUMMARIZE Use the following terms in your summary: • Carbon • Fission • Nuclear Energy • Fossil Fuel Essay Practice • You will be writing an essay that analyzes the differences between nuclear energy and fossil fuels. • This unit focused on the essential question of: what will be the fuel of the future? We studied two main sources of fuel in this unit: nuclear energy and fossil fuels. Write an essay comparing and contrasting the benefits and dangers of nuclear energy and fossil fuels. You should answer the following questions: – What is nuclear fission and what happens when an atom is split into two? – How does nuclear energy use nuclear fission in order to power a turbine in order to generate energy? – Why is carbon such an essential element in all biological molecules? – How do the high energy bonds in carbon allow for the production of energy when fossil fuels are burned? Stations Review • • • • Station 1 – Forces and Isotopes Station 2 – Isotopes and Radioactivity Station 3 – Radioactive Decay Station 4 – Essay Practice Tue Closing Time • Benchmark Time! • PRACTICE YOUR ESSAYS