Download CHAPTER 7: ENERGY RESOURCES

CHAPTER 7: ENERGY RESOURCES
Work and Energy pg. 83
--Energy: the ability to do work and create movement
--Of all of the energy we consume in this country per year:
1. 37% is used to create products
2. 36% is used to transport people and goods
3. 16% is used to heat and power our homes
4. 11% is used to run businesses
Forms of Energy pg. 84
--Most Common Forms:
1. mechanical: energy found in moving things
2. electrical
3. light
4. heat
5. chemical:
6. sound
7. atomic: energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
--Energy Conversions
--changes in energy forms
--most common energy conversions (convert: to change)
1. potential: energy at rest or stored energy
2. kinetic: energy put in motion
--Law of Conservation: energy can be changed from one form to another but it cannot be
created or lost
Where Does Energy Come From? Pg. 87
--Using technology, we have created methods for converting resources into more useful
energy forms
1. Fossil Fuels: created when heat and pressure act on decaying plants and animals
--it takes millions of years to create
--3 main forms: oil, coal, natural gas
--when combined with oxygen, burn extremely well, valuable source of energy
2. Solar Energy: light energy that comes from the Sun to create heat and electrical energy
--photovoltaic cells: devices that capture the energy from light and convert to electricity
3. Wind Power: created by uneven heating of the Earth by the sun
--has been used for centuries to create mechanical energy (windmills)
--used to turn generators: change mechanical energy into electrical energy
4. Water (Hydroelectric) Power: mechanical energy created from falling for flowing water
--provides much of our country with electricity
5. Nuclear Energy: produce electrical energy by harnessing the energy in an atom
--nuclear fission: splitting the nucleus of an atom into small nuclei generating heat that is
used to create electricity
--Entergy is the second-largest nuclear generator in the United States
Alternative Energy Resources pg. 91
--Need for Alternative Sources
1. Pollution Problems of fossil fuels and nuclear power
--automobiles, power plants, and manufacturers release smoke and chemicals into our air
creating smog, acid rain, and polluted natural resources
--release carbon dioxide and other gases into the air that prevent heat from escaping into
space that causes temperature to increase (Greenhouse Effect) that leads to Global
Warming
--nuclear energy produces dangerous radioactive waste that will be with us for 1000s of
Years
--finding a place to store radioactive waste is a problems as well as a possibility of a nuclear
leak
2. Shrinking supply of energy sources
--our supply of oil, coal, natural gas, and nuclear fuel is limited (nonrenewable)
--nonrenewable resources take millions of years to replace
--renewable sources such as wind, water, sunlight, plants, and animal waste must become
alternatives to fossil fuels
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
 Technology requires large quantities of energy to make electricity, transport
people and products, and process materials
 Energy is the ability to do work and cause movement
 Energy can be changed from one form to another but it cannot be created or
destroyed
 Energy sources include fossil fuels, solar, water, wind, and nuclear power
 Alternative energy sources are needed to replace sources that are becoming scarce
or that pollute our environment