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Chapter 5 Images for Students Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 • Purpose of the cardiovascular system: – Pump blood to the lungs to exhale carbon dioxide – Pump oxygenated blood from the lungs to the cells throughout the body. – Pump nutrients from the intestines to the cells. – Liver removes toxins, amino acids and returns needed proteins, which transport fats in the blood. 2 • Arteries – Move blood from the heart to the body – Strongest type of vessel, highest pressure – Has 3 layers • Endothelium (inside) • Middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue • Outer layer is connective tissue Arterioles Small arteries Made mostly of smooth muscle that encircles arteriole Middle layer of elastic tissue 3 • Capillaries – – – – – Only have endothelium (single layer with basement cells) • In our bodies we have about 6300 square meters of capillaries • Only certain capillaries open at a given time – When eating, capillaries in the digestive system open, while skeletal muscle capillaries are closed. Rings of muscles called precapillary sphincters control flow through capillaries. 4 • When capillary bed is closed, blood moves from Arteriole to Venules through arteriovenous shunt. • Venules are small veins that drain blood from capillaries and joins a vein to take blood to the heart and lungs to rid it of carbon dioxide. • Veins often have valves allowing blood to flow in only one direction, preventing more blood loss if hemorrhaging (bleeding). 5 • Arteries, Veins, Capillaries 6 • Venules & Veins have three layers like arteries, but with less smooth muscle. 7 Page 100 8 Table 5.1 9 Fig. 5.8 10 Fig. 5.8a 11 Fig. 5.9 12 Fig. 5.10 13 Fig. 5.12 14 Page 111 15 Fig. 5.13 16 Lymph Assists the cardiovascular system by filtering excess tissue fluid. 17 Page 111 Left atrium Right atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle 18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =oHMmtqKgs50 19 Page 112 20 Page 113 21 Page 114 22 Right pulmonary artery Left Right pulmonary veins Bicuspid 23 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHMmtqKgs50 • 3D heart 24 • Lizard heart and Crocodile heart (reptiles) 25 • Fish heart 26 • Heart surgery • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9b_VCjI3n0 27 • Blood is made of Plasma and Formed Elements • Plasma: fluid (water, proteins, oxygen, carbon dioxide, electrolytes) – Makes up 55% of blood volume • Formed elements: – Erythrocytes (red blood cells) – Leukocytes (white blood cells) – Thrombocytes (platelets) 28 • • • • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-sKZWqsUpw Blood video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRh_dAzXuoU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBvpE5ia2LE 29