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ACID AND BASES
ACIDS
An acid is traditionally considered
any chemical compound that, when
dissolved in water, gives a solution
with a pH less than 7
Properties of acids: generally taste
sour, are corrosive to metals, turns
blue litmus paper red and reacts
with a base to produce a salt and
water
Acids pH level ranges from 0 to 6
An acid with a pH of 0 is a very
strong acid
An acid with a pH of 6 is a weaker
acid
Examples of acids: lemon juice,
vinegar, HCl
BASES
A base is traditionally considered
any chemical compound that, when
dissolved in water, gives a solution
with a pH greater than 7
Properties of bases: have a bitter
taste, feel slimy or soapy, are not
corrosive to metals, turns red
litmus paper blue and
phenolphthalein red
Bases react with acids to produce a
salt and water
The pH level of bases ranges from
8 to 14
A base with a pH of 8 is a weak
base
A base with a pH of 14 is a strong
base
Examples of bases: baking soda,
Tums, Drano, NaOH
pH SCALE
pH 7 - neutral
Neutralization
The reaction between an acid and a base
is called neutralization
Acids are a source of H+ ions, hydrogen
ions
Bases are a source of OH- ions,
hydroxide ions
During neutralization these two ions
combine to form water
The products of neutralization are
ALWAYS a salt and water
Example
If we reacted hydrochloric acid and
potassium hydroxide, neutralization
would occur
HCl + KOH
KCl + H2O
Our product is potassium chloride,
which is a salt, and water
ACIDS AND BASES
EVERYWHERE!!!!!!
Industrial processes:
Acids and bases are used as reactants
and catalysts to make goods
Biological systems:
Acids can be found throughout our
body, our stomachs contain HCl, DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid, and amino acids
which make up our proteins
Bases react with the oil in our skin to
form a soapy film
Domestic applications:
You have many acids and bases in your
home that you use for a variety of
reasons
Acids: orange juice, soft drinks,
vinegar
Bases: bleach, oven cleaner, baking
soda