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The Plant “Body” The plant organs of roots, stems, and leaves are organized into three types of tissue: ◦ Dermal tissue ◦ Vascular tissue Xylem Phloem ◦ Ground tissue The Plant “Body” Types of tissue: ◦ Dermal tissue – outer protective covering ◦ Vascular tissue – carries out transportation of materials between roots and shoots Xylem – transports water and dissolved minerals up from roots into the shoots Phloem – transports sugars from leaves to other parts of plant (sites of growth) ◦ Ground tissue – not dermal or vascular The Plant “Body” When you eat the following, what plant structure are you consuming? ◦ Celery sticks ◦ Onions ◦ Carrot sticks The Plant “Body” When you eat the following, what plant structure are you consuming? ◦ Celery sticks – petioles (joins leaves to stem) ◦ Onions – storage leaves ◦ Carrot sticks – storage roots The Plant “Body” Types of Cells: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Parenchyma cells – metabolism Collenchyma cells – support Scerenchyma cells – extra support Xylem Cells – water conducting cells Phloem Cells – sugar conductive cells Xylem Cells – water conducting cells Phloem Cells – sugar conductive cells Try This! Evolution Connection ◦ “Evolutionary biologists have coined the term exaptation to describe a common occurrence in the evolution of life: A limb or organ originally has a particular function but later fulfills a new function. What are some examples of exaptations in plant organs?” Soil and Plant Nutrition (Ch 37) You must know: The difference between macronutrients and micronutrients. The importance of mutualistic relationships between plant roots and the bacteria and fungi that grow in the rhizosphere. Examples of nonmutualistic nutritional adaptations in plants. How do plants get the inorganic nutrition (NOT FOOD) that they need for survival? Macronutrients vs Micronutrients Macronutrients: essential nutrients required in relatively large amounts ◦ Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosophorus, sulphur (CHNOPS) ◦ Potassium, calcium, magnesium ◦ Nitrogen is essential! Why???? Macronutrients vs Micronutrients Macronutrients: essential nutrients required in relatively large amounts ◦ Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosophorus, sulphur (CHNOPS) ◦ Potassium, calcium, magnesium ◦ Nitrogen is essential! Why???? Building amino acids Macronutrients vs Micronutrients Micronutrients: essential nutrients required in minute quantities ◦ Primarily function as cofactors ◦ Iron, manganese, zinc, and copper Macronutrients vs Micronutrients Explain why it is not always a good thing to remove lawn clippings. Macronutrients vs Micronutrients Explain why it is not always a good thing to remove lawn clippings. ◦ As lawn clippings decompose, they restore nutrients to the soil Rhizosphere Rhizospere ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Unique ecosystem Layer of soil that is bound to the plants’ roots Rich in microbial activity Characterized by mutualistic symbiotic relationships Rhizobacteria Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Mycorrihzae (fungi) Rhizosphere Nonmutulalistc adaptations Epiphytes ◦ Grow on other plant surfaces instead of soil Nonmutulalistc adaptations Parasitic plants ◦ Rely on other plants for nutrients ◦ Tap into host vascular system Nonmutulalistc adaptations Carnivorous plants ◦ Get nitrogen and other materials by digesting small animals ◦ In what type of soil would you find carnivorous plants? Practice: Questions #12-16, 20-21 p. 224 in Holtzclaw Handout!
