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Sickle Cell Anemia
By: Jazzalyn Williams,
Ashley Townsell & Makarios
Ngure
History
 Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder. It alters the
shape of the red blood cells (RBCs). This decreases
their ability to carry oxygen. It can also cause acute
episodes of pain. These are called a sickle cell
crisis. The body will also destroy the sickle cells. The
loss of RBCs results in anemia .
 The change in the ability and number of RBCs can
decrease the amount of oxygen for the body
Symptoms/ Complications
Symptoms
 Shortness of breath
 Dizziness
 Headache
 Coldness in the hands and
feet
 Pale skin
 Chest pain
Complications
•Hand-Foot Syndrome
•Splenic Crisis
•Infections
•Acute Chest Syndrome
•Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
•Delayed Growth and Puberty in
Children
•Stroke
•Eye Problems
•Priapism
•Gallstones
•Ulcers on the Legs
•Multiple Organ Failures
What Group is affected by
the diseases?/How many
people are affected?
 Affects millions of people worldwide
 It's most common in people whose families
come from Africa, South or Central America
(especially Panama), Caribbean islands,
Mediterranean countries (such as Turkey,
Greece, and Italy), India, and Saudi Arabia.
 U.S 70,000 people are affected
 It mainly affects African Americans. The disease
occurs in about 1 out of every 500 African
American births. Sickle cell anemia also affects
Hispanic Americans. The disease occurs in 1
out of every 36,000 Hispanic American births.
 About 2 million Americans have sickle cell trait. The
condition occurs in about 1 in 12 African Americans.
Treatment
 Blood Transfusions –
Oral Antibiotics - Giving oral penicillin
twice a day beginning at 2 months and
continuing until the child is at least 5 years old
can prevent pneumococcal infection and early
death. Recently, however, several new
penicillin-resistant strains of pneumonia
bacteria have been reported. Since vaccines
for these bacteria are ineffective in young
children, studies are being planned to test
new vaccines.
Hydroxyurea - The first effective drug
treatment for adults with severe sickle cell
anemia was reported in early 1995, when a
study conducted by the National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute showed that daily doses of
the anticancer drug hydroxyurea reduced the
frequency of painful crises and acute chest
syndrome. Patients taking the drug needed
fewer blood transfusions.
Transfusions correct anemia by
increasing the number of normal red
blood cells in circulation. They can
also be used to treat spleen
enlargement in children before the
condition becomes life-threatening.
Regular transfusion therapy can help
prevent recurring strokes in children
at high risk.
Prognosis
 There is no cure for the condition though bone
marrow transplants can significantly help a small
number of people. People with the condition tend to
have a shorter life span but careful management of
symptoms and complications can improve the quality
of life and increase the life span. Some people can
survive past the age of 50 if they manage their
condition carefully.
 http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Dise
ases/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html
 http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/s/sickle
_cell_anemia/prognosis.htm
 http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/yourheal
th/healthgate/getcontent.asp?URLhealthg
ate=%2211561.html%22
*TAY-SACHS*
*there are three forms of Tay-Sachs
diseases, categorized by the types of
symptoms and the age when the
symptoms first appear. Most common
appear when the child is 3 to months
old, with the disease progressing rapidly
to death by age 4 or 5. “Begins to affect
nerves, symptoms appear.”
INTIALLY, SYMPTOMS
MAY INCLUDE:
 Initially, symptoms may
include:Seizures･Noticeable
behavior changes, such as the
infant stops smiling, crawling or
rolling over and loses the ability
to grasp or reach out･Increased
startle reaction･Decreased eye
contact･Listlessness･Increasing
irritability･Slow body growth
with increasing head size･
Delayed mental and social skills
THE DISEASE PROGRESSES,
THESE SYMPTOMS BECOME
MORE DOMINANT
 Initially, symptoms may include:･
Seizures･Noticeable behavior changes,
such as the infant stops smiling,
crawling or rolling over and loses the
ability to grasp or reach out･Increased
startle reaction･Decreased eye contact･
Listlessness･Increasing irritability･Slow
body growth with increasing head size･
Delayed mental and social skills
AS THE DISEASE PROGRESSES
THESE SYMPTOMS BECOME MORE
DOMINANT
 ･Seizures･Noticeable behavior changes,
such as the infant stops smiling,
crawling or rolling over and loses the
ability to grasp or reach out･Increased
startle reaction･Decreased eye contact･
Listlessness･Increasing irritability･Slow
body growth with increasing head size･
Delayed mental and social skills
Baby girl
 There is no cure for
any form of TaySachs disease. But
doctors may be able
to help a child with
Tay-Sachs cope with
the symptoms of
the disease by
prescribing
medication to
relieve pain,
manage seizures,
and control muscle
spasticity.
Baby boy
 Some people
carry the
genetic
mutation that
causes TaySachs, but do
not develop
the full-blown
disease
Emily
*Emily has tay sachs
disease and she is
6 years old.
Lilly
 Lilly also has tay
sachs disease and
she is 4 years old.
Most children can
die by the age of
four.
websites
 Google images
 Wikepedia
 http://kidshealth.org/
parent/medical/geneti
c/tay_sachs.html
 Wikipedia
 www.taysachs.org/wiki/T
AYSACHS_disease
Roles:
 Jazzalyn Williams:
 Put together the Sickle Cell Anemia power point
 Helped merge both power points
 Ashley Townsell:
 Put together the Tay- Sachs power point
 Helped merge both power points
 Makarios Ngure:
 Put together the Tay- Sachs power point
 Helped merge both power points