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Performance Enhancing Drugs Sports Medicine I Recreational and Performance Enhancing Drugs Recreational drugs – Alcohol – Marijuana – cocaine Performance Enhancing – Anabolic steroids – caffeine Both have serious and sometimes irreversible side effects!!! Alcohol Most commonly abused drug at all levels Peer pressure to drink is extreme Universally accepted Most difficult drug to control Alcohol Results in deterioration of the psychomotor skills of – – – – – Reaction time Hand-eye coordination Accuracy Balance Complex coordination Alcohol Consistently Decreases – Strength – Power – Local muscular endurance – Speed – Cardiovascular endurance Marijuana Second most commonly abused substance Significant effects with athletic performance Effects: – Major impairment of coordination – Impairment of tracing performance – Slowed reaction time – Altered perception of speed, time, and space – Short-term and long-term memory loss – Prolonged learning time Marijuana “Anti-Motivational Syndrome” – Apathy – Loss of ambition and effectiveness – Diminished ability to carry out long-term plans – Difficulty concentrating – Decline in academic and athletic performance – Intermittent confusion – Impaired memory – Loss of energy Tobacco Products Rules and regulations Products established to curb – Smoking use of tobacco in – Chewing athletics – Snuff Cancer is linked to the use of these products Baseball has seen the most recent regulations Anabolic Steroids Synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone Most controversial drugs Hope is to increase strength and size of muscles Little evidence that there are benefits Steroid use without training, there is no effect of muscle size or strength Anabolic Steroids Side Effects (Men) – – – – – – – – Aggressive behavior Liver damage Impaired kidney function Enlarged prostate Decreased testosterone Testicular atrophy Growth of breast tissue Elevated blood pressure Side Effects (Women) – – – – – Deepened voice Growth of facial/chest hair Liver damage Menstrual irregularities Impairment of reproductive capactiy Caffeine Moderate amounts increase mental alertness Too much may cause anxiety, hamper performance, increase heart rate Has a diuretic effect Adversely affects performance Creatine Recently gained notoriety Burn a high-energy compound stored in muscle Large dosages contributes to dehydration More research must be conducted Recognition of Drug Use Motivation variations Changes in personality/behaviors Withdrawal from companionship Decline in performance (physically and academically) Inability to coordinate Poor personal hygiene Muddled speech Impaired judgement Restless, jittery Muscular twitches Heavy sweating Bad breath Red eyes Increased appetite Banned Substance Lists http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/5 3e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25/2009 10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?MOD=AJP ERES&CACHEID=53e6f4804e0b8a129949f 91ad6fc8b25 NCAA Video http://web1.ncaa.org/web_video/health_a nd_safety/drugtesting/2009/2009_drug_ed_testing.html