Download DV: recall

Introduction to
Psychology and
Research Methods Test
Review
 The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled
experiment (the cause).
 independent variable
 prediction of how two or more factors are likely to be
related.
 hypothesis
 the behavior or mental process that is measured in an
experiment or quasi-experiment (the effect).
 dependent variable
 all of the individuals in the group to which the study
applies.
 population
 the subgroup of the population that participates in the
study.
 sample
 choosing of members of a population so that every
individual has an equal chance of being chosen.
 random selection
 the subgroup of the sample that receives the treatment
or independent variable.
 experimental group
 the comparison group; the subgroup of the sample that
is similar to the experimental group in every way except
for the presence of the independent variable.
 control group
 division of the sample into groups so that every
individual has an equal chance of being put in any
group or condition.
 random assignment
 research design in which participants don't know
whether they are in the experimental or control group.
 single-blind procedure
 research design in which neither the experimenter nor
the participants know who is in the experimental group
and who is in the control group.
 double-blind procedure
 a physical or psychological treatment given to the
control group that resembles the treatment given to the
experimental group, but contains no active ingredient.
 placebo
 a response to the belief that the independent variable
will have an effect, rather than the actual effect of the
independent variable.
 placebo effect
 most frequently occurring score in a set of research
data
 mode
 the middle score when a set of data is ordered by size.
 median
 the arithmetic average of a set of scores.
 mean
 the difference between the largest score and the
smallest score
 range
 a statistical measure of the degree of relatedness or
association between two sets of data that ranges from
–1 to +1.
 correlation coefficient
 suggested rules for acting responsibly and morally
when conducting research or in clinical practice.
 ethical guidelines
 Which of the following is the most complete definition of
psychology?
a. the science of observable behavior
b. the science of behavior
c. the science of mental processes
d. the science of behavior and mental processes
 Which perspective on psychology emphasizes free will
and conscious choice?
a. humanistic
b. social-cognitive
c. psychodynamic
d. behaviorist
 The perspective that studies the relationships between
biological processes and behavior is termed
a. biological.
b. cognitive.
c. humanistic.
d. social-cultural.
 Which type of psychologist might help teachers
develop new instructional techniques?
a. school
b. educational
c. experimental
d. clinical
 Which type of psychologist would study how groups
affect individuals?
a. social
b. developmental
c. experimental
d. evolutionary
 A psychologist keeps a very detailed record of a series
of interviews with an individual who is suffering from a
rare brain disorder. This is an example of which
research method?
a. experiment.
b. correlational.
c. case study.
d. naturalistic observation.
 If a psychologist observes a day care center through a
one-way mirror, she is utilizing which form of research?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. naturalistic observation
d. experimentation
 A number that measures the strength of a relationship
between two variables is a(n)
a. independent variable.
b. dependent variable.
c. control variable.
d. correlation coefficient.
 A correlation coefficient of +0.95 means
a. There is no relationship between the variables
b. As one variable increases, the other variable
increases
c. As one variable increases, the other variable
decreases
d. The variables are independent
 A correlation coefficient of 0.00 means
a. There is no relationship between the variables
b. As one variable increases, the other variable
increases
c. As one variable decreases, the other variable
decreases
d. As one variable increases, the other variable
decreases
 An experiment investigates the effects of a medication
on symptoms of schizophrenia. In this case, the
medication represents the
a. dependent variable.
b. independent variable.
c. control variable.
d. random variable.
 An experiment investigates the effects of a medication
on symptoms of schizophrenia. In this case, the
symptoms of schizophrenia represent the
a. dependent variable.
b. independent variable.
c. control variable.
d. random variable.

 You see a journal article entitled, “Injection of
Happystuff causes a reduction in symptoms of
depression in adult males.” This tells you that the
independent variable
a. is Happystuff.
b. is symptoms of depression.
c. is adult males.
d. cannot be determined.
 In a drug study, one group of participants receives a
placebo and another group receives a pill that is
believed to be effective in treating depression. The
group that receives the placebo is referred to as the
a. control group.
b. experimental group.
c. independent group.
d. dependent group.
 When every participant in an experiment has an equal
chance of receiving one of the treatments it is termed
a. control assignment.
b. random selection.
c. random assignment.
d. control selection.
 When neither the researcher nor the participants knows
who is receiving the active drug and who is receiving
the placebo, it is referred to as
a. random sampling.
b. a double-blind study.
c. a single-blind study.
d. control factor.
 In drug studies, the inactive pill that some participants
receive is referred to as a
a. panacea.
b. placebo.
c. pretender.
d. prevention.
 Dr. Baldwin studies the effects of marijuana on memory
she designs an experiment where half the group is
receiving THC ( the active ingredient in Marijuana) and
the other group gets oregano. The subjects are all
given the same list of words to study while they are
smoking the substances. Recall is tested 1 hour later.
 IV: marijuana (THC)
 DV: recall
 A test was designed to test the effects of alcohol on
motor coordination group one was given a mixed drink
with two shots of alcohol in it. Group two was given a
mixed drink with one shot of alcohol in it. Then their
motor coordination was tested by asking them to do a
series of balancing exercises.
 IV: alcohol
 DV: coordination
 A study was conducted on sleep deprivation and
cognitive performance on a problem solving test. One
group of subjects was deprived of 1 hour of sleep, the
other group of subjects was deprived of 4 hours of
sleep. Then they were given the problem solving test.
 IV: amount of sleep
 DV: problem solving
 A recent report found that blueberries enhanced the
maze running performance of mice. What was the
independent variable and dependent variable of this
experiment?
 IV: blueberries
 DV: time it took to run the maze
 We are studying whether or not a new vitamin
supplement helps boost memory retention. What is the
IV and DV?
 IV: vitamin
 DV: memory retention
 If I wished to try a new cooperative teaching method
and I wanted to study how effective it is compared to
the standard lecture method. How would I design my
experiment?
 IV: cooperative teaching method
 DV: student achievement
 There was a
-.85
relationship between the
amount of exercise people do and their weight. What
does this mean?
 strong, negative correlation
 It has been found that the more control people have
over their work environments, the more productive they
are. What type of correlation would this be?
 positive correlation
 A study found that the less drugs people do the higher
their grade point average, what type of correlation
would this be?
 negative correlation
 A study found that the more people sleep, the younger
they are. This is an example of what type of
correlation?
 negative correlation
 If a +.55 relationship was found between variable A and
variable B what would this mean?
 moderate, positive correlation
 Research has found that the bigger the credit line a
bank offers, the more money people owe. This is an
example of a ________________ correlation.
 positive correlation
 If I found a correlation coefficient of
.-75
between variables A and Variables B what would this
mean?
 strong, negative correlation